1 Reading & Resource List on Information Literacy Articles & Reports Adegoke, Yemisi. "Like. Share. Kill.: Nigerian police say false information on Facebook is killing people." BBC News. Accessed November 21, 2018. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt- sh/nigeria_fake_news. See how Facebook posts are fueling ethnic violence. ALA Public Programs Office. “News: Fake News: A Library Resource Round-Up.” American Library Association. February 23, 2017. http://www.programminglibrarian.org/articles/fake-news-library-round. ALA Public Programs Office. “Post-Truth: Fake News and a New Era of Information Literacy.” American Library Association. Accessed March 2, 2017. http://www.programminglibrarian.org/learn/post-truth- fake-news-and-new-era-information-literacy. This has a 45-minute webinar by Dr. Nicole A. Cook, University of Illinois School of Information Sciences, which is intended for librarians but is an excellent introduction to fake news. Albright, Jonathan. “The Micro-Propaganda Machine.” Medium. November 4, 2018. https://medium.com/s/the-micro-propaganda-machine/. In a three-part series, Albright critically examines the role of Facebook in spreading lies and propaganda. Allen, Mike. “Machine learning can’g flag false news, new studies show.” Axios. October 15, 2019. ios.com/machine-learning-cant-flag-false-news-55aeb82e-bcbb-4d5c-bfda-1af84c77003b.html. Allsop, Jon. "After 10,000 'false or misleading claims,' are we any better at calling out Trump's lies?" Columbia Journalism Review. April 30, 2019. https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/trump_fact- check_washington_post.php. Allsop, Jon. “Our polluted information ecosystem.” Columbia Journalism Review. December 11, 2019. https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/cjr_disinformation_conference.php. Amazeen, Michelle A. and Erik P. Bucy. “Conferring Resistance to Digital Disinformation: The Inoculating Influence of Procedural News Knowledge.” Taylor & Francis Online. September 20, 2019. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08838151.2019.1653101. Jeff Rand La Crosse Public Library 2021-03-24 2 Andrews, Becca. “Conspiracy Theories Are More Destructive Than Ever Before. There’s a Reason for That.” Mother Jones. April 16, 2019. https://www.motherjones.com/media/2019/04/anna-merlan- republic-of-lies-rise-conspiracy-theories-donald-trump/. Associated Press. “Facebook says it purged more than 800 spam accounts, pages. Associated Press. October 11, 2018. https://www.apnews.com/2e3a88aeb2e74e8e9b1bdb134f94a500. These pages contained “politically-tinged garbage links and clickbait.” Badke, William. “Post-Truth, False News, and Information Literacy. Online Searcher. July/August 2017. http://www.infotoday.com/OnlineSearcher/Articles/InfoLit-Land/PostTruth-False-News-and- Information-Literacy-119319.shtml. Badke, a librarian at Trinity Western University, writes: “The most pressing enemy at the gates today is conjecture and speculation masquerading as authority.” Bago, Bence, David Rand, and Gordon Pennycock. “Fake news, fast and slow: Deliberation reduces belief in false (but not true) news headlines.” PsyArXiv Preprints. January 6, 2020. https://psyarxiv.com/29b4j. Ball, Philip, and Amy Maxmen. “The epic battle against coronavirus misinformation and conspiracy theories.” Nature. May 27, 2020. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01452-z. Banias, MJ. “QAnon and UFO Conspiracies Are Merging.” Vice. October 29, 2019. https://www.vice.com/en/article/xwepqk/qanon-and-ufo-conspiracies-are-merging. Barrett, Paul M. "Tackling Domestic Disinformation: What the Social Media Companies Need to Do." New York University. March 2019. https://issuu.com/nyusterncenterforbusinessandhumanri/docs/nyu_domestic_disinformation_digital?e =31640827/68184927. Barber, Gregory. “Deepfakes Are Getting Better, But They’re Still Easy to Spot.” Wired. May 26, 2019. https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/28/politics/facebook-pro-iranian-influence- campaign/index.html?utm_source=CNN+Media%3A+Reliable+Sources&utm_campaign=7b522a429a- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_09_11_04_47_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e95cdc16a9- 7b522a429a-83856117. Barker, David and Morgan Marietta. "Fact-checking can't do much when people's 'dueling facts' are driven by values instead of knowledge." Nieman Lab. May 8, 2019. https://www.niemanlab.org/2019/05/fact-checking-cant-do-much-when-peoples-dueling-facts-are- driven-by-values-instead-of- knowledge/?utm_source=Daily+Lab+email+list&utm_campaign=40e92abca2- dailylabemail3&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d68264fd5e-40e92abca2-396163909. Barrett, Paul M. “Disinformation and the 2020 Election: How the Social Media Industry Should Prepare.” New York University. September 2019. https://issuu.com/nyusterncenterforbusinessandhumanri/docs/nyu_election_2020_report?fr=sY2QzYzI 0MjMwMA. Barrett, Paul M. and J. Grant Sims. “False Accusation: The Unfounded Claim that Social Media Companies Censor Conservatives,” New York University. February 2021. Jeff Rand La Crosse Public Library 2021-03-24 3 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b6df958f8370af3217d4178/t/60187b5f45762e708708c8e9/16 12217185240/NYU+False+Accusation_2.pdf. Bauerlein, Monika and Clara Jeffery. “It’s the End of News as We Know It (and Facebook Is Feeling Fine).” December 4, 2018. https://www.motherjones.com/media/2018/12/facebook-propaganda- trump/. Bell, Emily. “The Fact-Check Industry.” Columbia Journalism Review. Fall 2019. https://www.cjr.org/special_report/fact-check-industry-twitter.php. Bellemare, Andrea, et. al. “Chiropractors told to remove posts claiming their methods boost immune system and prevent COVID-19.” CBC. March 30, 2020. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/chiropractors- immune-system-covid-19-1.5511008. Benjamin, Daniel and Steven Simon. “How Fake News Could Lead to Real War.” Politico. July 5, 2019. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/07/05/fake-news-real-war-227272. It has happened in the past, and it could happen again. Benton, Joshua. “If you hate the media, you’re more likely to be fooled by a fake headline.” NiemanLab. November 19, 2018. http://www.niemanlab.org/2018/11/if-you-hate-the-media-youre-more-likely-to- be-fooled-by-a-fake- headline/?utm_source=CNN+Media%3A+Reliable+Sources&utm_campaign=0be63aa302- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_09_11_04_47_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e95cdc16a9- 0be63a. Benveniste, Alexis. “Biden lies less than Trump, fact-checkers say. But he’s not perfect.” CNN Business. February 21, 2021. https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/21/media/biden-trump-factchecking/index.html. Bergen, Mark. “YouTube Executives Ignored Warnings, Letting Toxic Videos Run Rampant.” Bloomberg. April 2, 2019. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-04-02/youtube-executives-ignored- warnings-letting-toxic-videos-run-rampant. Subtitle: “Proposals to change recommendations and curb conspiracies were sacrificed for engagement, staff say.” Bergstrom, Carl and Jevin West. “Case Study: Foodstamp Fraud.” Calling Bullshit. 2016. http://callingbullshit.org/case_studies/case_study_foodstamp_fraud.html. Bergstrom, Carl and Jevin West. “Visualization: Misleading axes on graphs.”Calling Bullshit. 2016. http://callingbullshit.org/tools/tools_misleading_axes.html. The authors show how graphs can be set up to create misleading visuals. Beville, Becky. “Fake News & the Importance of Information Literacy.” ProQuest.com. accessed March 16, 2017. http://blogs.proquest.com/general/fake-news-the-importance-of-information-literacy/. This includes links to “How to Identify Fake News in 10 Steps,” and an extensive list of unreliable, partisan, conspiracy, biased, or fake news websites: https://docs.google.com/document/d/10eA5- mCZLSS4MQY5QGb5ewC3VAL6pLkT53V_81ZyitM/preview. Jeff Rand La Crosse Public Library 2021-03-24 4 Binion, Billy. "News Posts With Moral and Emotional Language Spread Quickly, But Deepen Polarization." AllSides. January 7, 2019. https://www.allsides.com/blog/news-posts-moral-and- emotional-language-spread-quickly-deepen-polarization. Binkowski, Brooke. "I Was A Facebook Fact-Checker. It Was Like Playing A Doomed Game of Whack-A- Mole. BuzzFeed. February 8, 2019. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/brookebinkowski/fact- checking-facebook-doomed. Binkowski, Brooke. "Facebook's 'fake news' problem won't be solved by banning right-wing, anti-Semitic trolls." USA Today. May 8, 2019. https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/voices/2019/05/08/facebook-bans-alex-jones-social-media- rohingya-column/1127869001/. Bloom, David. “Tristan Harris And ‘The Social Dilemma:’ Big Ideas To Fix Our Social Media Ills,” Forbes. October 7, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/dbloom/2020/10/07/tristan-harris-and-the-social- dilemma-big-ideas-to-fix-our-social-media-ills/?sh=1547972c33e4. Bloomfield, Emma Frances. “How to talk to someone you believe is misinformed about the coronavirus.” The Conversation. March 17, 2020. https://theconversation.com/how-to-talk-to-someone-you-believe- is-misinformed-about-the-coronavirus-133044. Bomey, Nathan. "Why 'NBC Nightly News' anchor Lester Holt is teaching teens about fact-checking." USA Today. February 13, 2019. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/02/13/nbc-ester-holt- poynter-institute-mediawise-fact-checking/2857328002/. Bonazzo, John. “YouTube’s Wikipedia Partnership Doesn’t Solve Either Site’s Fact Checking Issues.” Observer. March 15, 2018. http://observer.com/2018/03/youtube-wikipedia-fake-news-conspiracy- theories-fact-checking/?utm_source=Pew+Research+Center&utm_campaign=04934b6d76- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_03_15&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_3e953b9b70-04934b6d76- 400067733. Bond, John-Michael. “3 Chrome