ISSN: 1979-4975 PROGRESSIVE Vol. XII, No. 2 September 2017 ANALYSIS OF TYPES CODE SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING BY THE SIXTH PRESIDENT OF REP8BLIC IND21ESIA‘S SPEECH AT THE NATIONAL OF INDEPENDENCE DAY Ary Iswanto Wibowo1, Idah Yuniasih2, Fera Nelfianti3 1STIBA Nusa Mandiri Tangerang/Sastra Inggris [email protected] 2ASM BSI Jakarta/Sekretari [email protected] 3ASM BSI Jakarta/Manajemen Administrasi [email protected] Abstract - This research aimed to describe the use of code switching and code mixing in the speech of the spoken language. The research used qualitative research. Data were collected from script documented and grounded theories to roll out several types of code switching and code mixing. In collecting data for the research, writer took a few steps such as, observing and reviewing the speech, and choosing the sentences containing code mixing and code switching. The theories were applied into object of the research that is former President of Republic Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono‘s speech. As an official authority, the writer was attracted to analyze his speech during commemoration of 65th Independence Day. The result of this research found that the speech has categorized as kinds of code switching and code mixing. There were three types of code switching; tag, inter sentential, and intra sentential. In addition, there were also three types of code mixing that found in this research. They are insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. Keywords: code switching, code mixing, speech 1. INTRODUCTION phenomenon situation investigated by a study of language called linguistic. In many parts of the world, human Sociolinguistic is one of field of being used more than one language to macro linguistic that study about the communication with each other. relationship between language and Indonesia is a one of the country which society, and how language is used in has multilingual languages is made up multilingual speech community. Related of plurality of ethnic groups, cultures to the explanation, sociolinguistics is and languages. So, it is common for the study of the development and the Indonesian people to speak with another level of use of language in society in language beside their mother language which there is a discussion about (mother tongue), national language, bilingual and multilingual languages. even a foreign language during their Actually, the concept of bilingualism communication in society. This and multilingualism is the same. 13 ISSN: 1979-4975 PROGRESSIVE Vol. XII, No. 2 September 2017 Bilingual and multilingual language is carefully the speeches of SBY, it can be regarding the use of state of more than found several English words, phrases, one language by a speaker when or clauses. There are many insertions of communicating with others. Moreover, English in SBY‘s speeches that in term of bilingualism and basically uses Bahasa. It is very multilingualism, code switching and interesting to be studied what types of code mixing often occur. Switch or mix code switching and code mixing in code a language into another language those speeches is. So, this is the reason is common situations in Indonesian why the writer interest to analyze it. people nowadays. It is happens in every Finally, the writer chooses —Analysis of gender, age, status and society. Code switching and Code mixing by Code switching and code mixing is The Sixth President of Republic the phenomena of code choice. The ,ndonesia‘s Speech at The National of code here means the way to expressing Independence Day“ as title in this something through the language using project. Furthermore, the writer hopes certain dialect, style, register or variety this research can give information about of language. Code switching and code code switching and code mixing mixing occurs in a daily life such as in phenomenon that happens in society conversations, an event like speeches, in life. a media (mass media and electronic The writer has found problems to be media), seminar, and so much more. discussed through this research. First, The writer chooses speeches, officials what the types of code switching and one to become the source or object in code mixing used in SBY‘s speech are this project. In this case, the speech is and the second is what the dominant from the former President of Indonesia, type of code switching and code mixing Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. found in SBY‘s speeches is. SBY is the sixth president of Furthermore, the writer also scoped and Republic Indonesia which is oftentimes limited his research by determining switch or mix his state‘s speech into types of code switching and code another language (especially in mixing usage and focusing on the sixty- English), whether a formal speech or an fifth commemoration Independence informal speech. The interesting one of Day by the sixth President of Republic the writer, when the writer reads Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. structures and uses and the relationship between them, as well as into its 2. THEORETICAL REVIEW development through history and its 2.1 The Nature of Linguistic acquisition by children and adults. The Scholars have devised ways to scope of linguistics includes both language study human language, although there is structure (and its underlying grammatical still much more research to be done and competence) and language use (and its many mysteries to explore. The field of underlying communicative competence).“ scholarship that tries to answer how It could be said that the does language work is called linguistics. systematic research of human language Here are some definitions about including its structures, uses, and linguistics: relationship between human being. Another expert like Finegan Knowing a language also means (2012:22) explained that: knowing its structure and its use and —Linguistic is defines as the systematic how to use them appropriately. inquiry into human language into its 14 ISSN: 1979-4975 PROGRESSIVE Vol. XII, No. 2 September 2017 In addition linguistic also meant explaining why we speak differently in the scientific study of language, is different social contexts, and they are informed by a long story of the study of concerned with identifying the social grammar, and many of the ideas central functions of language and the ways it is to current linguistics theory go back to used to convey social meaning“. The ancient times Denham and Lobeck sociolinguistics is concerned with the (2010:18). This means that linguistic relationship between language and the theory is concerned with revealing the context in which it is used. So, there is a nature of mental grammar which concern to explaining and identifying a represents speakers‘ knowledge of their language changes that spoken. language. On the other hand, Wardhaugh From some definitions above and Fuller (2015:1) state that linguistics is described anything related —Sociolinguistics is the study of our to language within the structure of everyday lives-how language works in language or the form of language. our casual conversations and the media Linguistic is a scientific discipline with we are exposed to, and the presence of established theories, analytic methods, societal norms, policies, and laws which and real-world applications. address language“. ,t means sociolinguistics is not a study of facts 2.2 The Nature of Sociolinguistic but the study of ideas about how Sociolinguistic is a field of member of a particular society may macro linguistics in linguistic study. influence the terms with our language Sociolinguistic is the study of the use. relation between language and society a 2.3. Code Switching and Code branch of both linguistics and Mixing sociology. Sometime it called the Code or variety of language is sociology of language. There are the the choice of words. By the existence of definitions of sociolinguistic from any the language varieties, some people sources: need to choose the code or interaction Wardhaugh (2006:13) says, strategy correctly to be used at random —Sociolinguistics is concerned with context. In this paper, the writer investigating the relationships between analyzes two types of code which are language and society with the goal code switching and code mixing that being a better understanding of the often occur in particular structure of language and how communication. In order, most of languages function in communication; Indonesian people have ability either to the equivalent goal in the sociology of speak and understand two languages or language is trying to discover how even more, they usually use more than social structure can be better understood one language to communicate with their through the study of language,..“ community. It shows that sociolinguistic 2.3.1. Code Switching investigates how social structure —Code switching is defines as influences the way people communicate the use of more than one language, and how language functioned in society. variety, or style by speaker within an Further on Holmes (2001:1) utterance or discourse, or between defines that —Sociolinguists study the different interlocutors or situations relationship between language and (Romaine, 1992:110)“. ,t means society. They are interested in switching the code occurs when there is 15 ISSN: 1979-4975 PROGRESSIVE Vol. XII, No. 2 September 2017 more than one language in In this kind of code switching, tags, communication. The speaker uses his or exclamation and certain set phrases in her ability in another language, style, one language are inserted into an dialect or anything it served by the utterance otherwise in another, as when speaker depends on the addresses in a Panjabi/English says: —,t‘s a nice day, different occasions. hana"“ (hai na" isn‘t it). The word According to Heller in Lowi —hana“ in Panjabi is as a tag. (2005), —Code switching is views as a 3) Establishing continuity with the bilingual/multilingual practice that is previous speaker used not only as a conversational tool, This kind of code switching occurs to but also as a way to establish, maintain continue the utterance of the previous and delineate ethnic boundaries and speaker, as when one Indonesian identities“.