Geomorphic category Indurated weathered Moderately resistant Unresistant weathered sediments sediments (severely weathered sediments £ stripped) Land system (S)rXM (S)rBe (S)uM, (S)uBu (S)hY (S)hY Parts of (S)uXB part, (S)uBl part (S)rNi (S)uXM part part (S)uIX, (S)uBl part (S)uX part, (S)uX, (S)uIX part (S)uXB, (S)uBl Terrain Rolling to hilly Level to gently Scarps and hilly Level to gently undulating undulating (sporadic) Variously denuded lateritic profiles r8 O > > Soils Massive earths, Skeletal soils, Massive earths, Duplex soils, Skeletal Brown and Duplex soils, Brown and grey- Gilgaied cracking clay Ea(Eg, Gb); Gb, and Ea (Ec, Ee, Dd( De (Dc) soils, Gb grey-brown Da, Db, Dc brown soils, Be (Bb, soils, Ca duplex soils, shallow Eg) and shallow soils, Bb, (Dg, Dd) Ba), and cracking Dc in 21 massive earths, duplex Be, Ba; clay soils, Cb Eg (Ea) soils, Dc in mainly Vegetation 28 stony (a) Mesic, > 560 mm Narrow-leaved Lancewood Box and/or Box, narrow- Yapunyah Yapunyah Belah, brigalow Belah, brigalow, box Belah-brigalow forest rainfall per annum ironbarkj forest silver-leaved leaved iron- and/or and/or forest/ shrub woodland and spotted gum ironbark bark, bulloak green- ooline- woodland belah-brigalow woodland woodland shrub leaved box belah forest woodland woodland (b) Xeric, < 560 mm Box, mutga, Bendee forest Mulga forest Box or box- Box-cypress pine Low brigalow forest rainfall per annum Queensland with emergent mulga woodland peppermint box and/or woodland woodland silver-leaved Land units ironbark («) 20,21 22 part 26 part 31 28, 35 36 part 30, 37, 38 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 44 part (b) 23 22 part 24, 25, 26 part 36 part 29, 32, 33 34 44 part 27 Fig. 8.—Distribution of land units on weathered sediments. 30 R. W. GALLOWAY ET AL. LAND UNIT 5 (1800 KM2) Field Criteria.—Wide valleys in sandstone country, open-woodland of rusty gum or budgeroo with cypress pine understorey, sandy soils. Median Rainfall.—Nov.-Apr.: 360-480 mm. May-Oct.: 160-220 mm. Material.—Sandy colluvium, minor quartz sandstone. Relief.—Wide valley floors in dissected sandstone hills; mainly undulating, some rolling; slopes 2-5%. Position on Slope.—Mainly colluvial aprons, minor lower slopes. Soil.—Uniform sandy soils: mainly > 150 cm deep, yellowish brown to brown, Fe (Uc4.2, 5.11); less commonly red, Fd (Ucl.23); occasionally shallow, Fc (Ucl.21). Vegetation.—Open-woodland of Angophora costata, occasionally with Eucalyptus melanophloia, E. dealbata, and rarely in the north E. bloxsomei, E. punctata, E. trachyphloia, and E. phaeotricha; with dense lower tree layer of Callitris columellaris or open Lysicarpus angustifolius; shrub layer rich and varied, dense when taller layers are open, mainly Xanthorrhoea spp., Acaciagnidium, A. macradenia, Leucopogon biflorus, L. mitchellii, Aotus subglabra, Ricinocarpos bowmanii, and Dodonaea spp.; ground cover usually open Triodia mitchellii and/or Aristida muricata, A. jerichoensis, Chrysopogon fallax, Eragrostis lacunaria, Panicum effusum, and in the north-west Eremochloa bimaculata. Land Capability.—IVm4, C3-4. No. of Observations.—9. 32 R. W. GALLOWAY ET AL. LAND UNIT 7 (3455 KM2) Field Criteria.—Undulating country, open-forest of cypress pine, uniform sandy soils. Median Rainfall.—Nov.-Apr.: 250-450 mm. May-Oct.: 150-220 mm. Material.—Quartzose sandstone and siltstone, minor sandy colluvium. Relief.—Undulating and rolling; slopes 1-5%. Position on Slope.—Occurs on all parts of slopes. Soil.—Uniform sandy soils: generally more than 120 cm deep; underlain by hard rock at 60-90 cm in places; reddish brown to yellowish brown sands to sandy loams, Fd, Fe, Fc (Uc5.11, 1.23, 1.21); medium acid to neutral reaction throughout. Vegetation.—Usually open-forest of Callitris columellaris with scattered Eucalyptus dealbata, or less commonly E. melanophloia, E. polycarpa, E. tessellaris, or Angophora costata; sometimes woodland of E. melanophloia or E. drepanophylla (rarely E. populnea) with lower tree layer of Callitris columellaris, sometimes with some Casuarina luehmannii or Acacia burrowii; scattered low trees or shrubs of A. longispicata, A. cunninghamii, Alphitonia excelsa, Lysicarpus angustifolius, Geijera parviflora, or Monotoca scoparia; ground cover extremely open, mainly Aristida echinata, A.jerichoensis, A. ingrata, A. muricata, or A. caput-medusae with lesser Bothriochloa decipiens, Eriachne mucronata, Enneapogon spp., and (west of Westmar) Triodia mitchellii and Neurachne mitchelliana. Land Capability.—IVrru, C3-4. No. of Observations.—22. LAND UNITS, MAPPING UNITS, AND LAND SYSTEMS 33 LAND UNIT 8 (4310 KM2) Field Criteria.—Undulating country, poplar box, ironbark, or tumble- down gum woodland with cypress pine understorey, deep texture- contrast soils. Median Rainfall.—Nov.-Apr.: 300-450 mm. May-Oct: 150-250 mm. Material.—Quartzose sandstone and conglomerate, sublabile sandstone and siltstone. Relief.—Mainly undulating and rolling lowlands; slopes 1-5-4-5%. Position on Slope.—Occurs on all parts of slopes. Soil.—Deep texture-contrast soils: thick (56 cm average) sandy surface horizons over neutral to acid, mainly yellow, mottled subsoils, Dg (Dy3.42, 3.82, 3.41); minor Df (Dy3.23, Dr3.23), Dd (Dy 3.23), and De (Dy3.41). Vegetation.—Woodland of Eucalyptus populnea, or occasionally of E. melanophloia with E. dealbata often conspicuous, or (in the east) of E. drepanophylla, all with lower tree layer of Callitris columellaris sometimes with considerable Casuarina luehmannii and Acacia spp.; sometimes open-forest of Callitris columellaris with scattered eucalypts or Angophora costata; shrub layer absent or of scat- tered Eremophila mitchellii or Dodonaea spp.; ground cover sparse, variable in composition, mainly Aristida spp. {A. echinata, A. jerichoensis, A. muricata, and A, ingratd) with Cymbopogon refractus, Digitaria ammophila, Eragrostis lacunaria, and Panicum effusum. Land Capability.—IVP3-4. ms^, C3-4. No. of Observations.—38. 52 R. W. GALLOWAY ET Ah. LAND UNIT 25 (2615 KM2) Field Criteria.—Lowlands, ironbark, box, or apple woodland with cypress pine understorey, deep red earths. Median Rainfall.—Nov.-Apr.: 3OCM5O mm. May-Oct.: 150-250 mm. Material.—Moderately resistant weathered fine-grained sediments; occasional ferruginous gravel. Relief.—Undulating lowlands; slopes 0-5-2-5%. Position on Slope.—Mainly upper slopes. Soil.—Deep massive earths: mainly loamy red earths with varying content of fine gravel, Ea (Gn2.11, 2.12, 2.41); minor loamy yellow, sandy, and shallow massive earths, Ee (Gn2.41, 2.81), Ed (Gn2.12), andEg(Gn2.11, 2.12). Vegetation.—Woodland of Eucalyptus melanophloia or E. drepanophylla (in north-east) or less common- ly E.populnea, or open woodland of Angophora costata; usually with dense but patchy and fire-affected lower layer of Callitris columellaris and sometimes Casuarina inophloia, occasionally with Hetero- dendrum oleifolum, Alphitonia excelsa, or Petalostigma pubescens; shrub layer occasional, moderate Eremophila mitchellii and/or Geijera parviflora, Canthium oleifolium, and lower Carissa ovata and Cassia nemophila, or low and open (with Angophora) of Eriostemon difformis and Monotoca scoparia; ground cover sparse, usually Aristida spp. (A. jerichoensis, A. echinata, A. caput-medusae, and less commonly A. ramosa and A. muricata) and Triodia mitchellii with occasional Bothriochloa decipiens, Chloris acicularis, Neurachne mitchelliana, and Tripogon loliiformis. Land Capability.—IVr4, m<i, e4, C3-4. No. of Observations.—30. LAND UNITS, MAPPING UNITS, AND LAND SYSTEMS 57 LAND UNIT 30 (940 KM2) Field Criteria.—Undulating and rolling country, box or ironbark woodland with shrubs, texture-contrast soils with thin sandy surface horizons. Median Rainfall.—Nov.-Apr.: 320-450 mm. May-Oct.: 150-230 mm. Material.—Moderately resistant weathered fine-grained sediments. Relief.—Undulating with some rolling; slopes 1-5-5%. Position on Slope.—On all parts of slopes. Soil.—Deep texture-contrast soils: thin sandy or loamy surface horizons over strongly alkaline to acid subsoils; mainly Da (Dr2.23, 2.13) and Dc (Dy3.22, Dbl.31); minor Db (Dy 2.23); intergrading with columnar-structured soils, De (Dr2.42), in some occurrences. Vegetation.—Predominantly woodland of Eucalyptus populnea, occasionally of E. melanophloia or E. drepanophylla, with lower tree layer, moderately dense and sometimes affected by fire, of Callitris columellaris, rarely with Casuarina luehmannii or Acacia burrowii; shrub layer of Eremophila mitchellii and Geijera parviflora or rarely Eriostemon difformis, but usually absent; ground cover very sparse, mainly Aristida spp. with Bothriochloa decipiens, Chloris acicularis, Neurachne mitchelliana, and Tripogon loliiformis. Land Capability.—IVp3-4, e3-4, C3-4. No. of Observations.—16. 58 R. W. GALLOWAY ET AL. LAND UNIT 31 (1530 KM2) Field Criteria.—Undulating country, eucalypt woodland with bull oak, texture-contrast soils with hard columnar subsoils. Median Rainfall.—Nov.-Apr.: 350-420 mm. May-Oct.: 160-250 mm. Material.—Moderately resistant weathered quartzose and sublabile sediments. Relief.—Undulating; slopes 10-2-5%. Position on Slope.—Dominantly upper slopes. Soil.—Deep texture-contrast soils with columnar structure: thin sandy or loamy surface horizons over mainly brown or yellow subsoils with coarse columnar structure and very hard consistence, Dd (Dy3.23, 3.43, Db2.43) and De (Dbl.21, 1.42, Dy3.42); strongly alkaline to acid reaction; commonly with bleached Aa horizons above columns; minor Dc (Db 1.31, Dr2.22). Vegetation.—Woodland of Eucalyptus populnea or E. drepanophylla or occasionally