Religion and Politics in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa In the early twenty- first century, it is now clear that religion is increasingly influ- ential in the political realm in ways which call into question the principles and practices of secularism. The Iranian revolution of 1978–9 marked the decisive ‘reappearance’ of political religion in global politics, highlighting a major devel- opment which is the subject of this edited volume. Addressing a highly salient and timely topic, this book examines the con- sequences of political interactions involving the state and religious actors in Christian, Muslim and Judaist contexts. Building on research, the basic premise of this text is that religious actors – including Islamist groups, the Roman Cath- olic and the Orthodox churches – pose various challenges for citizenship, demo- cracy and secularisation in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The key questions on which the book focuses are: Why, how, and when do reli- gious actors seek to influence political outcomes in these regions? Providing a survey of what is happening in relation to the interaction of reli- gion and politics, both domestically and internationally, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of politics, religion, European and Middle East studies. Jeffrey Haynes is Associate Head of Department (Research and Postgraduate Studies) and Professor of Politics at London Metropolitan University, UK. Routledge/ECPR studies in European political science Edited by Thomas Poguntke Ruhr University Bochum, Germany on behalf of the European Consortium for Political Research The Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research – the leading organisation concerned with the growth and development of political science in Europe. 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Religion and Politics in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa Edited by Jeffrey Haynes First published 2010 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge