Metro-Auckland Pacific Population Health Profile This report was developed and written by Health Partners Consulting Group on behalf of the Ministry of Health and the metro-Auckland DHBs. Their assistance in supporting the data acquisition, analysis and feeding back on the commentary has been invaluable. In particular we would like to acknowledge the time and effort put in by Dean Papa, CMDHB senior health analyst. His expertise and assistance in developing the constructed population through numerous iterations made the approach of this report possible. Note that all views in the document are those of the authors, and the authors alone; they do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the MoH or the DHBs. The report may be freely used and copied for the purposes of improving the health of New Zealanders, providing the source is acknowledged. Health Partners Consulting Group Street/courier address: Unit 3.1, 8a Cleveland Rd, Parnell, Auckland Postal address: PO Box 147209, Ponsonby, Auckland Lead authors: Dr Gary Jackson Joanne Minster Contact: [email protected] U4T Phone: +64 9 379 8620 Suggested citation: Health Partners Consulting Group 2012. Metro-Auckland Pacific Population Health Profile. Auckland: HPCG. The report and accompanying Workbook is available in electronic form from: 4TUwww.healthpartnersconsulting.com U4T September 2012 Contents Key Findings .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Aims and Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2. Pacific Population Demography ............................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Ethnic Composition of Metro-Auckland ............................................................................................ 9 2.2 Pacific Population Size ................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Pacific Population Age and Sex Structures, 2011 .......................................................................... 11 2.4 Pacific Population Density .............................................................................................................. 14 2.5 Pacific Population Characteristics .................................................................................................. 16 2.6 Metro-Auckland Pacific Population Growth .................................................................................... 17 3. Socioeconomic Determinants of Health for Pacific Peoples ................................................................ 19 3.1 Socioeconomic Indicators for Pacific people .................................................................................. 20 3.2 Housing ........................................................................................................................................... 22 3.3 Social Capital and Social Connectedness ...................................................................................... 22 4. Metro-Auckland Pacific Health Outcomes ............................................................................................ 25 4.1 Life Expectancy .............................................................................................................................. 25 4.2 Pacific Premature Mortality ............................................................................................................. 29 4.3 Pacific Children and Pacific Youth (0 –24 years) ........................................................................... 32 4.4 Pacific Adults (25-64 years) ............................................................................................................ 33 5. Serious Illnesses among Metro-Auckland Pacific Peoples .................................................................. 35 5.1 Diabetes .......................................................................................................................................... 36 5.2 Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) ..................................................................................................... 37 5.3 Cancer ............................................................................................................................................ 39 5.4 Gout ................................................................................................................................................ 40 5.5 Infectious Disease Hospitalisations (IDH) ...................................................................................... 41 5.6 Rheumatic Fever (RF) .................................................................................................................... 42 5.7 Other Chronic Conditions ............................................................................................................... 43 6. Modifiable Health Risk Factors among Metro-Auckland Pacific Peoples ............................................ 45 6.1 Risk Factors Among Pacific Peoples in New Zealand ................................................................... 45 6.2 Smoking .......................................................................................................................................... 47 6.3 Overweight and Obesity ................................................................................................................. 48 6.4 Alcohol Use ..................................................................................................................................... 51 6.5 Nutrition .......................................................................................................................................... 52 6.6 Physical Activity .............................................................................................................................. 54 6.7 Healthy Lifestyle ............................................................................................................................. 54 7 Health Service Utilisation among Metro-Auckland Pacific People ....................................................... 55 7.1 Primary Health Care ....................................................................................................................... 55 7.2 Secondary Care .............................................................................................................................. 60 7.3 Acute Demand Management .......................................................................................................... 63 8. Mental Health of Metro-Auckland Pacific Peoples ............................................................................... 67 8.1 Pacific Mental Health in New Zealand ............................................................................................ 68 8.2 Mood Disorders .............................................................................................................................. 68 8.3 Psychosis ........................................................................................................................................ 69 8.4 Other Serious Mental Illness .......................................................................................................... 69 8.5 Youth Mental Health and Suicide ................................................................................................... 70 8.6 Mental Health and Addiction Service Utilisation ............................................................................. 71 9. Metro-Auckland Pacific Child and Youth Health .................................................................................. 73 9.1 Metro-Auckland Pacific Children and Youth ................................................................................... 73 9.2 Key Issues for Metro-Auckland Pacific Children ............................................................................ 74 9.3 Key Issues for Metro-Auckland Pacific Youth ................................................................................ 82 10. Maternity........................................................................................................................................ 85 10.1 Pregnancy and Antenatal Care ..................................................................................................... 86 10.2 Live Births...................................................................................................................................... 87 10.3 Postnatal Period ............................................................................................................................ 87 10.4 Breastfeeding ................................................................................................................................ 88 11. Health of Older Pacific People ...................................................................................................... 89 11.1 Older Pacific People in Metro-Auckland ......................................................................................