Volume II, Issue VI, October 2014 - ISSN 2321-7065 0DUJLQDOL]DWLRQRI6XE1DWLRQDOLWLHVDV5HDVRQIRU(WKQLF$VVHUWLRQ The case of Hmar tribe of Northeast India 'U3DXO%&KRQ]LN $VVRFLDWH3URIHVVRU 'HSDUWPHQWRI+LVWRU\ $VVDP8QLYHUVLW\'LSKX&DPSXV 'LSKX.DUEL$QJORQJ $VVDP 'U.K1DUHQGUD6LQJK $VVRFLDWH3URIHVVRU 'HSDUWPHQWRI$QWKURSRORJ\ $VVDP8QLYHUVLW\'LSKX&DPSXV 'LSKX.DUEL$QJORQJ $VVDP $EVWUDFW +PDUWULEHEHORQJVWRWKHODUJHUWULEDOJURXSZKRP%ULWLVKFRORQLDOZULWHUVUHIHUUHGWRYDULRXVO\DVChin, Kuki, DQG Lushai RU Lusei . 2IODWHWKHWHUPµ0L]R¶KDVEHFRPHFXUUHQWIRUDVHFWLRQRIWKHPLQFOXGLQJ LuseisWKHWHUPZKLFKLVQRPRUHFXUUHQW+HQFHWKHFROOHFWLYHWHUP±Chin-Kuki-Mizo LVEHLQJXVHGWR UHIHUWRWKHJURXSLQJHQHUDO+RZHYHUODUJHO\GXHWRVHSDUDWLVWSROLWLFVWKHChinKukiDQGMizo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izoJURXS LVRQHRIWKHUHDVRQVIRU+PDUHWKQLFDVVHUWLRQ Key words: Marginalization, Relative Deprivation, ethnic assertion, divergence, coalescence http://www.ijellh.com 163 Volume II, Issue VI, October 2014 - ISSN 2321-7065 ,QWURGXFWLRQ +PDUWULEHLVRQHRIWKHQRWLILHG6FKHGXOHG7ULEHVLQWKHVWDWHVRI$VVDP0DQLSXU0HJKDOD\DDQG 0L]RUDP,QWKHODUJHUFRQWH[WWKH+PDUWULEHEHORQJVWRWKHOld KukiVXEJURXSRIWKHChinKukiJURXS EHORQJLQJWRWKH7LEHWR%XUPDQOLQJXLVWLFIDPLO\ *ULHUVRQUHSULQW 7KH%ULWLVKKDG DOVRXVHG‘Lushai’ RUµLusei¶ DVDJHQHULFWHUPZKHQWKH\UHIHUWRWKLVJURXS6LQFHWKHPLGWKFHQWXU\ $'WKHWHUPµ0L]R¶JDLQHGSRSXODULW\DVDFROOHFWLYHSURSHUQDPHIRUDODUJHVHFWLRQRIWKLVJURXS LQFOXGLQJLusei JURXSZKLFKLVQRORQJHUFXUUHQW)URPWKH¶VWKHWHUPµ=RPL¶DOVREHFDPHSRSXODU DPRQJVRPHVHFWLRQRIWKHJURXS6RPHRIWKHPKRZHYHUFRQWLQXHGWRXVHWKHROGWHUPVµ.XNL¶DQG µ&KLQ¶+HQFHZKHQUHIHUULQJWRWKHJURXSLQJHQHUDOWKHFROOHFWLYHIRUPµChin-Kuki-Mizo’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±7ULEHVVXFKDV $LPRO$QDO&KRWKH&KLUX0DULQJ0RQVDQJ0R\RQJ DOVR/DPNDQJ ZKRKDYHFORVHFXOWXUDODQG OLQJXLVWLFDIILQLW\WRChin-Kuki-Mizo JURXSKDYHQRZFKRVHQ1DJDDVWKHLUQDWLRQDOLW\ZLWKZKRPWKH\ GLGQRWKDYHVXFKFXOWXUDODQGOLQJXLVWLFDIILQLW\DQG.RORLDQG5XSLQLWULEHVZKRDOVRKDYHFORVHFXOWXUDO DQGOLQJXLVWLFDIILQLW\KDYHQRZEHFRPH7ULSXUL /DOWKDQJOLDQD :K\LVWKLV"7KHUHPXVW KDYHEHHQSXVKIDFWRUIURPWKHSDUHQWHWKQLFJURXSRUFRQYHUVHO\WKHUHPXVWKDYHEHHQSXOOIDFWRUIURP WKH 1DJD JURXS ,Q FDVH RI WKH +PDUV WKH\ DSSHDUHG WR KDYH EHHQ FRQWHQWHG WR EH LQFOXGHG LQ WKH µ0L]RµJURXSWLOOWKHILUVWKDOIRIWKHWKFHQWXU\$'+PDU$VVRFLDWLRQZDVIRUPHGLQDQG+PDU 6WXGHQWV$VVRFLDWLRQLQ+RZHYHUDOWKRXJKHWKQLFFRQVFLRXVQHVVZDVWKHUHWLOOWKHQWKH+PDUVGLG QRWDVVHUWWKHPVHOYHVIRUSROLWLFDOVHOIGHWHUPLQDWLRQ,QVWHDGWKH\ZKROHKHDUWHGO\SDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKH 0L]R8QLRQPRYHPHQWIRUFUHDWLRQRIHQODUJHG0L]R'LVWULFWVWDUWHGLQZKLFKVRXJKWWRXQLWHDOO FRJQDWHMizo WULEHVXQGHURQHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHXQLW±WKH0L]R'LVWULFW7KHQLQWKH\IRUPHGWKHLU RZQSROLWLFDORUJDQL]DWLRQFDOOHG+PDU1DWLRQDO&RQJUHVV +1& 7KH\VWDUWHGGHPDQGLQJVHSDUDWH +PDU+LOOV'LVWULFWZKLFKWKH\VRXJKWWRDFKLHYHE\FXWWLQJRXWDQGLQWHJUDWLQJ+PDULQKDELWHG DUHDVRI0DQLSXU$VVDP/XVKDL+LOOVQRZ0L]RUDP +1&0HPRUDQGXP 7KHSUHVHQW SDSHUDUJXHVWKDWLWZDVODUJHO\WKHPDUJLQDOL]HGWUHDWPHQWRIWKH+PDUWULEHE\µSDUHQW¶Mizo JURXS ZLWKZKRPWKH\ZHUHPRVWFORVHO\DVVRFLDWHG WKDW+PDUHWKQLFDVVHUWLRQZDVSURYRNHG,QRWKHUZRUGV http://www.ijellh.com 164 Volume II, Issue VI, October 2014 - ISSN 2321-7065 LWLVDUJXHGWKDWWKHPDUJLQDOL]HGWUHDWPHQWDFWHGDVDµSXVKIDFWRU¶IRUWKH+PDUVZKLFKPDGHWKHPIHHO WKDWDVVHUWLQJVHSDUDWHLGHQWLW\VHUYHVWKHLUSXUSRVHEHWWHUWKDQWRUHPDLQZLWKLQWKHµ0L]R¶QDWLRQDOLW\ +PDUSRSXODWLRQDFFRUGLQJWRWKHFHQVXVVWDQGVOLNHWKLV &HQVXV 6WDWH 3RSXODWLRQ ,QFOXGLQJ&DFKDU+DLODNDQGLDQG .DULPJDQM'LVWULFWVRI$VVDP 0DQLSXU 0L]RUDP $VVDP 77,865.* 0HJKDOD\D 7RWDO 1,40,099* Source: Census of India, 2001 Special Tables for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. * The figure on the right column indicates figure inclusive of Hmar population in Cachar (36,648), Karimganj (13,877) and Hailakandi (12,880) districts of Assam as given in the Joint Memorandum submitted to the Chief Minister of Assam by Hmar Associations in these districts in 2004 since Hmar is not a notified Scheduled Tribe in these districts of Assam and their population is not given in the census. 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