Terminologia Embryologica International Embryological Terminology FIPAT Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York IV Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publika- tion in der Deutschen Nationalbiografie; detaillierte bibliog- rafische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation or commercialization out- side the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisherʼs consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, prep- aration of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage. © 2013 Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14 70469 Stuttgart Deutschland Telefon: +49/(0)711/8931-0 Unsere Homepage: www.thieme.de Printed in Germany Cover design by Thieme Verlagsgruppe Photo graphic: © Athanasia Nomikou – Fotolia.com Typesetting: Ziegler + Müller, Kirchentellinsfurt with 3B2/APP, V.9 Printing and Bookbinding by Grafisches Centrum Cuno, Calbe ISBN 978-3-13-170141-1 123456 eISBN (PDF) 978-3-13-170151-0 V Preface This is the third book in the Terminologia series, postnatal development. There are two principal completing a trilogy with Terminologia Anatomica parts. The first covers the pure terms, naming a (1998) and Terminologia Histologica (2008). It is structure or a developmental event. This covers the joint creation of the Federative International the development of the early embryo as a whole, Committee for Anatomical Terminology (FICAT) and is followed by sections on the individual sys- and the member societies of the International tems. The arrangement of the terms follows the Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA). A developmental sequence as closely as possible. final draft of this Terminology was circulated to all Where this was not appropriate, as with lists of member associations of the IFAA in late 2008. This anomalies, terms were arranged alphabetically in publication incorporates changes proposed in the Latin. The second part is chronological; it relates various responses. to the temporal sequence, and indicates new or The Terminologia trilogy aims to realise the ob- especially conspicuous features at particular jective defined at the General Assembly of the times. This encompasses the Carnegie Stages for Federative World Congress of Anatomy, held in the embryonic period and in addition identifies Rio de Janeiro in 1989, namely: key features at individual points in the fetal peri- “To present the official terminology of the ana- od. In this part some items are not, sensu strictu, tomical sciences after consultation with all the terms; instead they define succinctly a conspicu- members of the International Federation of Associ- ous feature or an event specific for the time. ations of Anatomists, thus ensuring a democratic Terminology is living; it undergoes continual input to the terminology.” refinement to enhance precision and to systemat- A rigorous, common language is the bedrock of ise and codify new advances. For example, this communication. The Terminologia trilogy fulfils volume includes data from reproductive technol- this role for the anatomical sciences and provides ogy/in vitro fertilization. Similarly, the explosion the basis for usage across all the Health Sciences. of knowledge in developmental neuroscience is The terminology contained in this volume con- reflected in the incorporation of several sets of forms closely with that in the previous two. How- new terms. ever, where more than one term identifies a par- Terminologia Embryologica began life in 1997. ticular element, changes in current usage have Its gestation therefore overlapped with the later led in some instances to altered ranking of terms. stages of development of Terminologia Histologica. Each term is set out, as for the previous publica- Meeting locations at which it was generated were: tions, in three columns. There is a unique identifi- – Mainz, Germany (15 February 1998) er, matched with Latin and English versions. The – Cardiff, Wales, UK (13 March 1999) use of Latin as the prime term provides an un- – Cagliari, Sardinia (5 September 1999) equivocal reference point, from which each lan- – St Petersburg, Russia (11 June 2000) guage may derive its own equivalent. The English – Awaji, Japan (12 September 2000) version presents the terms in current usage in – Orlando, Florida, USA (29 March 2001) English-speaking countries. The book is complet- – Sun City, South Africa (18 July 2001) ed by a comprehensive index of Latin and English – Maastricht, The Netherlands (8 April 2002) terms and an index of eponyms that identifies the – Timisoara, Romania (6 September 2002) number and page of the appropriate non-epony- – St Maarten, Netherlands Antilles (10 February mous term. 2003) Terminologia Embryologica, in accordance with – Jackson, Mississippi, USA (24 August 2003) universal convention, deals with the entire period – Hobart, Tasmania, Australia (16 February 2004) up to birth only in the human. It covers all of intra- – Kochi, Japan (22 September 2004) uterine ontogeny and also a few key features of – Brussels, Belgium (30 March 2005) VI Preface – Stanford, California, USA (22 August 2005) The committee invites constructive comments – San José, Costa Rica (24 April 2006) from all quarters for consideration for future edi- – Toronto, Canada (21 August 2006) tions. Comments may be sent by email to: pierre. – San José, Costa Rica (23 April 2007) [email protected]. – Nottingham, UK (30 June 2008) Having been adopted by the IFAA, Terminolo- – Timisoara, Romania (8 September 2008) gia Embryologica incorporates and supersedes – New Orleans, Louisiana, USA (April 20, 2009) Nomina Embryologica. The printing of Terminologia Embryologica was prepared by the Federative International Pro- gramme on Anatomical Terminologies (FIPAT), the successor of FICAT. Lutz Vollrath Chairman FIPAT John Fraher Embryology Coordinator FIPAT Ian Whitmore Chairman FCAT/FICAT 1989–2009 VII Acknowledgements Financial Membership of FICAT During the period in which the committee has – Professor Ian Whitmore, Chairman, worked on this terminology it has been fortunate United Kingdom to have the support of some of the societies and – Professor Lutz Vollrath, Vice Chairman, associations to which the members belong. These Germany organisations have helped with the travel costs – Professor Colin Wendell-Smith, Secretary, and subsistence for the meetings of FICAT. The Australia committee thanks them for their support. – Professor Pierre Sprumont, Deputy Secretary, Switzerland – Professor David Brynmor Thomas, Academic United Kingdom – Professor Stephen Carmichael, FICAT wishes to thank the many individuals who United States of America provided assistance during its deliberations. – Professor Wen-qin Chai, China While those individuals gave valuable expert ad- – Professor Antoine Dhem, Belgium vice, the final terminology is the responsibility of – Professor Jan Drukker, The Netherlands FICAT. – Professor John Fraher, Ireland – Prof. A.C. Gittenberger-de Groot (Leiden/NL), – Professor Raymond Gasser, – Prof. C.S Herrington (St-Andrews/UK), United States of America – Prof. M.H. Johnson (London/UK), – Professor Jacques Gilloteaux, – Prof. W.H. Lamers (Amsterdam/NL), United States of America – Prof. B.J.Moxham (Cardiff/UK), – Professor Rolando Cruz Gutiérrez, Costa Rica – Prof. R. OʼRahilly (Fribourg/CH), – Professor Duane E. Haines, – Prof. G.C. Schoenwolf (Urbana IL/US), United States of America – Prof. L. Selwood (Melbourne, Australia), – Professor Lev L. Kolesnikov, Russia – Prof. S. Standring (London/UK), – Professor Beverley Kramer, – Prof C. Viebahn (Göttingen/DE). Republic of South Africa – Professor Keith L. Moore, Canada – Professor Diogo Pais, Portugal – Professor Alessandro Riva, Italy – Professor Harumichi Seguchi, Japan VIII Contents 1 … Nomina generalia General terms 2 … Mensurae embryonicae et fetales Embryonic and fetal measurements 2 … Cycli genitales feminini Female reproductive cycles 5 … Cyclus genitalis masculinus Male reproductive cycle 5 … Anomaliae reproductionis Reproductive anomalies 6 … Gametogenesis Gametogenesis 9 … Ontogenesis Ontogeny 9 … Ordo ontogeneticus Ontogenetic sequence 9 … Ontogenesis praenatalis Prenatal ontogeny 12 … Ontogenesis postnatalis Postnatal ontogeny 14 … Embryogenesis Embryogenesis; Embryogeny 14 … Processus embryonici Embryonic processes 20 … Histogenesis generalis General histogenesis; General histogeny 20 … Cellulae antecedentes Antecedent cells 21 … Factores crescentiae Growth factors 22 … Factores transcriptionis Transcription factors 22 … Structurae cristae neuralis Neural crest structures 26 … Textus connectivi atque sustinentes Connective and supporting tissues 30 … Organogenesis Organogeny 30 … Ossa; Systema skeletale Bones; Skeletal system 30 … Skeletogenesis generalis General skeletogenesis 30 … Skeleton axiale Axial skeleton 35 … Membra et skeleton appendiculare Limbs and appendicular skeleton 35 … Juncturae; Systema articulare Joints; Articular system 36 … Anomaliae skeletales Skeletal anomalies 42 … Musculi; Systema musculare Muscles; Muscular system 45 … Facies Face 46 … Systema digestorium Alimentary system 47 … Cavitas oris Oral cavity 52 … Pharynx Pharynx 53 … Canalis digestorius; Canalis oesophagoga- Alimentary canal strointestinalis