Howie, Candace Cameron (2013) Pretty pictures: from paint to print. Images depicting the Virgin Mary from books of hours to religious emblem books. MPhil(R) thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4261/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Pretty Pictures: From Paint to Print. Images depicting the Virgin Mary from Books of Hours to Religious Emblem Books. Candace Cameron Howie Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Philosophy School of Modern Languages and Cultures Faculty of the Arts University of Glasgow September 2011 Tables of Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Literacy and Literature ........................................................................................... 9 1.2 Books of Hours .................................................................................................... 11 1.3 The Invention of Print .......................................................................................... 17 1.4 Emblem Books ..................................................................................................... 20 1.5 Manuscripts and Emblems ................................................................................... 22 Chapter 2 – From Manuscript to Print ................................................................................. 24 2.1 The Birth of the Printing Press ............................................................................. 24 2.2 The Transition from Manuscript to Print ............................................................. 25 2.3 Printed Books of Hour (including English Printed Prayer Books) ...................... 26 2.4 Printer to the King: Vérard’s Printed Books ........................................................ 34 2.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 3 - The Virgin Mary ............................................................................................... 38 3.1 From the Background to the Forefront: The Rise of Mary .................................. 38 3.2 Queen of Heaven and Intercessor for the Masses ................................................ 39 3.3 An Example of Perfection: Woman, Wife & Mother .......................................... 41 3.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 44 Chapter 4 Case Studies – Manuscripts ................................................................................. 46 4.1 Mary the Child ..................................................................................................... 46 4.2 Mary the Young Maiden ...................................................................................... 51 4.3 Mary domesticated ............................................................................................... 53 4.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 5 Case Studies Printed Books of Hours .................................................................. 60 5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 69 Chapter 6 Mary and Emblems.............................................................................................. 70 6.1 What is an Emblem? ............................................................................................ 70 6.2 Emblems: Educational Weapon ........................................................................... 71 6.3 Calvinists and Emblems ....................................................................................... 72 6.4 Catholics and Emblems ........................................................................................ 74 6.5 Emblems and the Use of Marian Iconography ..................................................... 80 6.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 91 Chapter 7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 93 List of References ................................................................................................................ 98 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 99 Primary Sources ........................................................................................................... 99 Secondary Sources ..................................................................................................... 101 List of Image References ................................................................................................... 109 3 List of Figures Figure 1 Turotte Family dedication ..................................................................................... 16 Figure 2 Turotte family being interceded for by Mary ........................................................ 16 Figure 3 Printed Book of Hours ........................................................................................... 22 Figure 4 Adoration of the Magi ........................................................................................... 22 Figure 5 Adoration of the Magi ........................................................................................... 28 Figure 6 Duc de Berry’s Anatomical Man .......................................................................... 29 Figure 7 Printed Anatomical Man/ Sketal Figure with Jester .............................................. 29 Figure 8 Printed Zodiac Man, Eviscerated Man with Zodiac Signs .................................... 29 Figure 9 Richard Day Prayer Book ...................................................................................... 32 Figure 10 Tree of Jesse ........................................................................................................ 32 Figure 11 Queen Elizabeth ................................................................................................... 35 Figure 12 Vérard’s mark ...................................................................................................... 36 Figure 13 Printer Presenting Book to King Charles III ( Preliminary Page) ....................... 36 Figure 14 Joachim Teaches Mary ........................................................................................ 51 Figure 15 Mary Taken to the Temple .................................................................................. 51 Figure 16 Mary Weaving ..................................................................................................... 52 Figure 17 Mary Swoons at Crucifixion .............................................................................. 535 Figure 18 Battle for the Soul ................................................................................................ 58 Figure 19 Printed Book of Hours ......................................................................................... 61 Figure 20 Printed Book of Hours ......................................................................................... 61 Figure 21 Childhood ............................................................................................................ 61 Figure 22 Marriage ............................................................................................................... 61 Figure 23 Deathbed .............................................................................................................. 62 Figure 24 Pisces in February ................................................................................................ 62 Figure 25 Duc de Berry’s February ..................................................................................... 62 Figure 26 Duc de Berry’s Pisces .......................................................................................... 63 Figure 27 The Annunciation ................................................................................................ 63 Figure 28 The Nativity ......................................................................................................... 63 Figure 29 The Annunciation ................................................................................................ 63 Figure 30 The Nativity ........................................................................................................