BIOVERSITY TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 15 European landraces: on-farm conservation, management and use M. Veteläinen, V. Negri and N. Maxted (Eds) (XURSHDQ &RRSHUDWLYH 3URJUDPPH IRU3ODQW *HQHWLF 5HVRXUFHV (&3*5 Bioversity Technical Bulletins are published by Bioversity International with the intention of putting forward definitive recommendations for techniques in genetic resources. They are specifically aimed at National Programmes. Previous titles in this series: A protocol to determine seed storage behaviour (IPGRI TB No. 1, 1996) T.D. Hong and R.H. Ellis Molecular tools in plant genetic resources conservation: a guide to the technologies (IPGRI TB No. 2, 1997) A. Karp, S. Kresovich, K.V. Bhat, W.G. Ayad and T. Hodgkin Core collections of plant genetic resources (IPGRI TB No. 3, 2000) Th.J.L. van Hintum, A.H.D. Brown, C. Spillane and T. Hodgkin Design and analysis of evaluation trials of genetic resources collections (IPGRI TB No. 4, 2001) Statistical Services Centre and University of Reading Accession management: combining or splitting accessions as a tool to improve germplasm management efficiency (IPGRI TB No. 5, 2002) N.R. Sackville Hamilton, J.M.M. Engels, Th.J.L. van Hintum, B. Koo and M. Smale Forest tree seed health (IPGRI TB No. 6, 2002) J.R. Sutherland, M. Diekmann and P. Berjak In vitro collecting techniques for germplasm conservation (IPGRI TB No. 7, 2002) V.C. Pence, J.A. Sandoval, V.M. Villalobos A. and F. Engelmann Análisis estadístico de datos de caracterización morfológica (IPGRI TB No. 8, 2002) T.L. Franco y R. Hidalgo A methodological model for ecogeographic surveys of crops (IPGRI TB No. 9, 2005) L. Guarino, N. Maxted and E.A. Chiwona Molecular markers for genebank management (IPGRI TB No. 10, 2005) D. Spooner, R. van Treuren and M.C. de Vicente In situ conservation of wild plant species: a critical global review of good practices (Bioversity TB No. 11, 2006) V.H. Heywood and M.E. Dulloo Crop genetic diversity to reduce pests and diseases on-farm. Participatory diagnosis guidelines. Version 1. (Bioversity TB No. 12, 2007) D.I. Jarvis and D.M. Campilan Developing crop descriptor lists: guidelines for developers (Bioversity TB No. 13, 2007) Data analysis manual for coconut reseachers (Bioversity TB No. 14, 2008) P.N. Mathur, K. Muralidharan, V.A. Parthasarathy, P. Batugal and F. Bonnot Copies can be obtained in PDF format from Bioversity’s Web site (www.bioversityinternational.org) or in printed format by sending a request to [email protected]. European landraces: on-farm conservation, management and use M. Veteläinen, V. Negri and N. Maxted (Eds) Bioversity International is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well-being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. Bioversity has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The organization operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Commodities for Livelihoods. The international status of Bioversity is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2009, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. Financial support for Bioversity’s research is provided by more than 150 donors, including governments, private foundations and international organizations. For details of donors and research activities please see Bioversity’s Annual Reports, which are available in printed form on request from bioversity-publications@cgiar. org or from Bioversity’s Web site (www.bioversityinternational.org). The geographical designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Bioversity or the CGIAR concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Similarly, the views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these organizations. Mention of a proprietary name does not constitute endorsement of the product and is given only for information. Citation: Veteläinen M, Negri V and Maxted N. 2009. European landraces on- farm conservation, management and use. Bioversity Technical Bulletin No. 15. Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. Cover illustration: Mr Raffaele Latassa harvesting seed of a local leafy kale (Brassica oleracea) at his garden in Bivongi, Calabria, Italy. Courtesy of © Lorenzo Maggioni, Bioversity International. ISBN 978-92-9043-805-2 Bioversity International Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a 00057 Maccarese Rome, Italy © Bioversity International, 2009 Bioversity International is the operating name of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Introduction to the Series The Technical Bulletin series is targeted at scientists and technicians managing genetic resources collections. Each title will aim to provide guidance on choices while implementing conservation techniques and procedures and the experimentation required to adapt these to local operating conditions and target species. Techniques are dis- cussed and, where relevant, options presented and suggestions made for experiments. The Technical Bulletins are authored by scientists working in the genetic resources area. Bioversity welcomes sugges- tions of topics for future volumes. In addition, Bioversity would encourage, and is prepared to support, the exchange of research findings obtained at the various genebanks and laboratories. European landraces: on-farm conservation, management and use v Contents Foreword ix Devra Jarvis SECtion 1 - introDuCtion 1 1. European Landrace Conservation: an introduction 1 Valeria Negri, Nigel Maxted and Merja Veteläinen 2. Evolution, Status and Perspectives for Landraces in Europe 23 Karl Hammer and Axel Diederichsen SECtion 2 - LAnDrACE inVEntoriES 45 3. Landrace inventories: needs and Methodologies 45 Nigel Maxted, Merja Veteläinen and Valeria Negri 4. Bulgarian Landrace inventory – Significance and use 53 Lilia Krasteva, Tsvetelina Stoilova, Kana Varbanova and Stefan Neykov 5. Landrace inventory of Denmark 69 Gert Poulsen 6. Cereal Landrace inventories in Finland 70 Maarit Heinonen and Merja Veteläinen 7. Landrace inventory in Germany – Preparing the national implementation of the Eu Directive 2008/62/EC 79 Lothar Frese, Ursula Reinhard, Hans-Joachim Bannier and Christoph Ulrich Germeier 8. Inventory of Greek Landraces 97 Andreas Katsiotis, Penelope Bebeli, Athanasios Mavromatis and Athanasios Tzivelikas 9. Inventorying and on-farm Maintenance of Hungarian Landraces 104 László Holly, Atilla Simon, István Már, G.M. Csizmadia, Zs. Kollár and Zs. Hock vi BioVErSitY tECHniCAL BuLLEtin no. 15 10. Landrace inventories in italy and the Lazio region Case Study 117 Oriana Porfiri, Maria Teresa Costanza and Valeria Negri 11. Landrace inventory for Portugal 124 Pedro M.R. Mendes Moreira, Maria Manuela Veloso 12. Landrace inventory for romania 137 Silvia Strajeru, Manuela Ibanescu and Dana Constantinovici 13. Cultivated Plant inventory of russia 143 Tamara Smekalova 14. ‘Swedes revisited’: a Landrace inventory in Sweden 155 Jens Weibull, Eva Jansson and Katarina Wedelsbäck Bladh 15. Landrace inventory of the uK 161 Maria Scholten, Niall Green, George Campbell, Nigel Maxted, Brian Ford-Lloyd, Mike Ambrose and Bill Spoor SECtion 3 - CASE StuDiES 171 16. Tomato Varieties ‘Muchamiel’ and ‘De la Pera’ from the South-east of Spain: Genetic improvement to Promote on-Farm Conservation 171 Juan José Ruiz and Santiago García-Martínez 17. ‘Fagiolina’ (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata (L.) Walp.) from trasimeno Lake (umbria region, italy) 177 Valeria Negri 18. The ‘Farro’ (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) from Monteleone di Spoleto (Valnerina Valley, umbria) 183 Renzo Torricelli, Lorenza Quintaliani and Mario Falcinelli 19. Grindstad timothy: the Landrace that Became a Major Commercial Variety 187 Petter Marum and Kristin Daugstad 20. On-Farm Management of Vegetables in Switzerland 191 Beate Schierscher-Viret, Geert Kleijer and Christoph Köhler European landraces: on-farm conservation, management and use vii 21. Thatching with Long-straw Wheat in relation to on-Farm Conservation in England 197 Mike Ambrose and Stephen Letch 22. Regional and Crop-Specific Survey: Grapevine Landraces in Douro and Colares, Portugal 203 Silvana Cardoso and Nigel Maxted 23. Community-based Landrace Conservation: Lentils of Eglouvi, Lefkada 223 Leonidas Nikolaou and Nigel Maxted 24. Scottish Landrace Protection Scheme 233 Niall Green, George Campbell, Rachel Tulloch and Maria Scholten 25. On-Farm Conservation of Crop