AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Published by Number 1049 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY November 22, 1939 New York City THE BRACHYURA OF THE SECOND TEMPLETON CROCKER- AMERICAN MUSEUM EXPEDITION TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN BY MELBOURNE WARD1 This expedition, the second undertaken Hawaii; all of which may be said to belong by The American Museum of Natural His- to the Central Pacific Zoogeographical Re- tory in the yacht, "ZACA," through the gion. In studying the Crocker material I generosity of Mr. Templeton Crocker of have utilized collections from other parts San Francisco who accompanied it, was of the Indo-Pacific for comparative pur- led by Dr. Roy Waldo Miner, Curator of poses, with the result that I consider the Living Invertebrates of that Museum, for Central Pacific to be a distinct faunal re- the purpose of studying pearl shell on the gion, and in recording references to litera- lagoon floor of the Island of Tongareva, ture I have quoted only original descrip- otherwise known as Penrhyn Island. Dur- tions and figures, with occasional papers ing the course of the expedition a large which add relevant details to older species. collection of marine invertebrates and The Crocker collection of Brachyura fishes was made. These were obtained, comprises five hundred and forty-seven first, by night surface collecting during the specimens distributed in thirty-four genera voyage; second, by shore collecting around and forty-nine species; three of which ap- the borders of the lagoon at Tongareva pear to be new to science; there are also and back of reefs at Tutuila, American three new subspecies. Four new names are Samoa and Savaii, British Samoa; third, suggested for species of older authors. by lagoon bottom collecting through skin Also, there are three lots of megalopa diving and by use of the diving helmet; larvae of crabs which I have not been able fourth, by breaking up dead corals, mainly to determine specifically; these are being from the reefs of Savaii, to obtain the returned to The American Museum of Nat- specimens lurking in the crevices. ural History. The types of the new species The personnel of the expedition from are in that Museum. the Department of Living Invertebrates in I wish to express my thanks to Dr. Roy The American Museum of Natural His- Waldo Miner for allowing me the privilege tory comprised, besides Dr. Miner: Mr. of studying this collection; and to Dr. Wyllys Rosseter Betts, Jr., Field Associ- Willard G. Van Name, Associate Curator ate; and Mr. Chris Olsen, artist. The of the Department of Living Invertebrates, greater part of the material was collected for his courtesy and cooperation; and to by them. Contributions to the collections the following list of fellow workers who were also made by Mr. Crocker; Mr. Wil- have greatly assisted me by exchanging liam F. Coultas, ornithologist; Toshio collections: Dr. M. J. Rathbun, National Asaeda, artist; and various members of Museum, Washington; Mr. M. W. F. the crew. Tweedie, Raffles Museum, Singapore; Mr. The region visited by the Crocker Expe- R. Viader and Mr. G. Antelme, Mauritius; dition included Tongareva (Penrhyn); Dr. B. Chopra, Indian Museum; Dr. Tutuila and Savaii Islands, Samoa; and C. H. Edmondson, Bishop Museum, Hawaii; Dr. P. E. P. Deraniyagala, 1 F.R.Z.S., F.Z.S., Honorary Zoologist Australian Colombo; Steve Glassell, Los Angeles; Museum, Sydney, Honorary Collector, Queensland Museum, Brisbane. Dr. I. Gordon, British Museum. 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES [No. 1049 ORDER DECAPODA tridentate, the median tooth is the largest, the other two are small and laterally directed. The SUBORDER REPTANTIA supra-orbital eave is without spines and there are indications of two fissures toward the lateral TRIBE BRACHYURA angles. The orbits are open below. The epis- tome is large, smooth and bare. The external SUBTRIBE BRACHYGNATHA maxillipeds close the buccal frame, and are covered with a thick coat of shaggy tomentum. SUPERFAMILY OXYRHYNCHA The chelae are subequal; the merus is armed with two large spines on the anterior border. Maiidae The carpus is small with a few scattered spines on the outer surface. The manus is trigonal in Schizophrysinae cross section; the inner and lower surfaces are free of tomentum. The upper surface has a SCHIZOPHRYS WHITE strongly developed carinate ridge extending &hSizophrys WrE'm, 1-848, Ann. Mag; Nat. Iongitudinally near the outer margin. The Hist., (2) X, p. 282. inner margin is armed with irregular spines; LOGOTYPE.-Specified by Miers, 1879: smaller spines of similar form are along the surface is rough S. serratu-s White = S. aspera (H. Milne- outer margin. The external with a longitudinal row of spinules well spaced Edwards). and extending from the carpal articulation TYPE LoCALITY.-Unknown. almost to the gape. The fingers are short and curved downward. Schizophrys aspera The ambulatory legs are slender and bare. (H. Milne-Edwards) The sternum of the male is densely tomentose. Mithrax aspera H. MILNE-EDWARDS, 1831, MATERIAL.-Holotype male (Cat. No. Mag. d. Zool., classe VII (no pagination in my A.M.N.H. 7466), 7 mm. in maximum copy) . carapace width. Mataatu Harbour, Savaii M. aspera H. MILNE-EDWARDS, 1834, Hist. Island, Samoa (eastern reef), Oct. 15, Nat. Crust., I, p. 320. 1936, from broken up coral heads. Schizophry8 aspera A. MILNE-EDWARDS, 1872, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, VIII, p. 231, New Caledonia. SUPERFAMILY BRACHYRHYNCHA MATERIAL.-One male 8 mm. in maxi- Portunidae mum carapace width. Mataatu Harbour, Savaii Island, Samoa (eastern reef), Oct. Podophthalminae broken coral heads. 15, 1936, from PODOPHTHALMUS LAMARCK Podophtalmus LAMARCK, 1801, Syst. Anim. s. Parthenopidae Vert., p. 152. Parthenopinae HAPLOTYPE.-Podophthalmus spinosus Lamarck, 1801 = Portunus vigil Fabricius, PLATYLAMBRUS STIMPSON 1798, Indian Ocean. Platylambrus STIMPSON, 1871, Bull. Mus. In 1801 spelled Podophtalmus but later Comp. Zool., II, p. 129. Platylambrus RATHBUN, 1925, Bull. 129, U. S. Podophthalmus. Nat. Mus., p. 516. HAPLOTYPE.-P. serratus (H. Milne- Podophthalmus vigil (Fabricius) Edwards). West Indies. Portunus vigil FABRICIUS, 1798, Entom. Syst., Suppl., p. 363. Podophthalmus spinosus LATREILLE, 1806, Platylambrus ursus, new species Gen. Crust. Insect., I, p. 25, Pl. I and Pl. II, Figures 1 and 2 fig. 1. (Loc.: Malabar.) Podophthalmus vigil RATHBUN, 1906, Bull. Small species entirely covered with shaggy U. S. Fish Comm. for 1903, part III, p. 875. tomentum. Carapace broadly triangulate, the (Loc.: Hawaii.) median regions with equal-sized spinose granules. The anterolateral margins are curved, armed MATERIAL.-Ten males from 8 to 27 with short, broad, flat spines. The postero- mm. in maximum carapace width. Pago lateral margins are concave, with a broad blunt Pago Harbour, Samoa, Oct. 9, 10, mid-bay, spine in the middle. The posterior margins are 20 fms.; and at Apia Harbour, Upolu, armed on each side with a short conical spine. The rostrum is hroad, well developed and Samoa, Oct. 12, at anchorage. 19391 CENTRAL PACIFIC REGION BRACHYURA 3 Thalamitinae CARUPA DANA Carupa DANA, 1852, Ann. Journ. Sci., (2) THALAMITA LATREILLE XII, p. 129, and U. S. Explor. Exped., Crust., Thalamita LATREILLE, 1829, in Cuvier, Reg. I, p. 279. Anim., IV, p. 33 (footnote). HAPLOTYPE.-Carupa tenuipes Dana, HAPLOTYPE.-Thalamita admete 1852, from the Paumotu Archipelago. (Herbst) = Cancer admete Herbst, 1803. I have seen only the McMurtrie transla- Carupa tenuipes Dana tion, 1831; the single species mentioned is Carupa tenuipes DANA, 1852, Ann. Journ. T. admete (Herbst). Sci., (2) XII, p. 129; 1852, U. S. Explor. Exped., Crust., I, p. 279; 1855, Atlas, P1. xvii, figs. Thalamita spinimana Dana 4a-4e. Thalamita gpinimana DANA, 1852, U. S. MATERIAL.-One male 9 mm. in maxi- Eiplor. Exped., Crust., I, p. 283; 1855; Atlas, mum carapace width. Eastern reef, PI. xviI, fig. 8. (Loc.: Fiji.) Mataatu Harbour, Savaii Island, Samoa, MATERIAL.-Two females 44 and 46 Oct. 15, 1936. mm. in maximum carapace width. Pen- rhyn Island, ocean side, in tide pool, GONIOCAPHYRA DE MAN Sept. 22, 1936, and Mataatu Harbour, Goniocaphyra DR MAN, 1888, Archiv f. Savaii Island, Samoa, Oct. 18, 1936, in Naturges., Jahrg. 53, p. 339. broken up coral from a depth of 6 feet. HAPLOTYPE.-Goniocaphyra truncati- frons de Man, 1888, from Insel Noord- THALAMITOIDES A. MILNE-EDWARDS wachter. Thalamita (Thalamidoide8) A. MILNE-ED- WARDS, 1869, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Goniocaphyra truncatifrons de Man Paris, V, p. 146. Goniocaphyra truncatifronq DE MAN, 1888, LOGOTYPE.-Thalamitoides quadridens A. Archiv f. Naturges., Jahrg. 53, p. 339, P1. xiv, Milne-Edwards, from Madagascar, by fig. 1. present designation. MATERIAL.-Three males from broken up coral brought from a depth of 8 feet, Thalamitoides alphonsei, new name 6 and 9 mm. in maximum carapace width. Figures 3 and 4 Mataatu Harbour, Savaii Island, Samoa, Thalamitoides quadridens A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Oct. 19, 1936. 1869, (part), Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, V, p. 149, PI. vi, fig. 15. (Loc.: Upolu, ACHELOUS DE HAAN Samoa.) Achelous DR HAAN, 1833, Crust.: in Siebold, A. Milne-Edwards described Thalami- Fauna Japonica, pp. 3, 8. toides quadridens from a small specimen 14 HAPLOTYPE.-A. spinimanus (Latreille) mm. long from Madagascar and noted the from the coasts of Brazil. presence of specimens from Upolu, which he believed to be conspecific, in the Godef- Achelous speciosus (Dana) froy Museum. However, he figured both Amphitrite speciosus DANA, 1852, U. S. Ex- the Madagascar and Upolu material and, plor. Exped., Crust., I, p. 276; 1855, Atlas, after careful examination of his figures and P1. xvii, figs. la-ld. Fiji. in consideration of the wide geographical MATERIAL.-One female, 7.5 mm. in separation of his material, I have deemed it maximum carapace width. Mataatu Har- advisable to restrict the T. quadridens to bour, Savaii Island, Samoa (eastern reef), the Madagascar species and suggest T. Oct. 15, 1936. alphonesi for the Samoan species.