Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. THE COMMUNITY OF BELIEVERS Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ $$FM 01-22-15 09:46:18 PS PAGE i Previously Published Records of Building Bridges Seminars The Road Ahead: A Christian–Muslim Dialogue, Michael Ipgrave, editor (London: Church House, 2002) Scriptures in Dialogue: Christians and Muslims Studying the Bible and the Qura¯n Together, Michael Ipgrave, editor (London: Church House, 2004) Bearing the Word: Prophecy in Biblical and Qura¯nic Perspective, Michael Ipgrave, editor (London: Church House, 2005) Building a Better Bridge: Muslims, Christians, and the Common Good, Michael Ipgrave, editor (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2008) Justice and Rights: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, Michael Ipgrave, editor (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2009) Humanity: Texts and Contexts: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, Michael Ipgrave and David Marshall, editors (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2011) Communicating the Word: Revelation, Translation, and Interpretation in Christianity and Islam, David Marshall, editor (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2011) Science and Religion: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, David Marshall, editor (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2012) Tradition and Modernity: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, David Marshall, editor (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2012) Prayer: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, David Marshall and Lucinda Mosher, editors (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2013) Death, Resurrection, and Human Destiny: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, David Marshall and Lucinda Mosher, editors (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2014) Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ $$FM 01-22-15 09:46:18 PS PAGE ii The Community of Believers Christian and Muslim Perspectives A Record of the Twelfth Building Bridges Seminar Hosted by Georgetown University at the School of Foreign Service in Qatar May 27–29, 2013 LUCINDA MOSHER and DAVID MARSHALL, Editors georgetown university press Washington, DC Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ $$FM 01-22-15 09:46:18 PS PAGE iii ᭧ 2015 Georgetown University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Building Bridges Seminar (12th : 2013 : Georgetown University, School of Foreign Service in Qatar), author Christian and Muslim perspectives : a record of the Twelfth Building Bridges Seminar hosted by Georgetown University at the School of Foreign Service in Qatar 27-29 May 2013 / edited by Lucinda Mosher and David Marshall. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: This book presents the proceedings of the twelfth Building Bridges Seminar in Doha, Qatar in 2013, an annual gathering of Christian and Muslim scholars founded by the Archbishop of Canterbury. This volume is organized according to three major sub-themes: The Nature and Purpose of the Community, featuring essays by Gavin D’Costa on the Church and Abdullah Saeed on the Umma (nation or community); Unity and Disunity in the Life of the Community, featuring essays by Lucy Gardner and Feras Hamza; and Continuity and Change in the Life of the Community, featuring essays by Ahmet Alibasic and Brandon Gallaher. The final part of the book is a reflection by Lucinda Mosher on the spirit and tone of the exchanges between Christians and Muslims in Doha. ISBN 978-1-62616-196-2 (pbk. : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-62616-195-5 (ebook) 1. Church—Congresses. 2. Ummah (Islam)—Congresses. 3. Islam—Relations— Christianity—Congresses. 4. Christianity and other religions—Islam—Congresses. I. Mosher, Lucinda, editor. II. Marshall, David, 1963- editor. III. Title. BV599.B85 2013 261.2Ј7—dc23 2014026899 ⅜ϱ This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials. 1615 98765432 First printing Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Brad Norr Design. Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ $$FM 04-22-15 08:53:08 PS PAGE iv Contents Participants vii Introduction xi Part I: The Nature and Purpose of the Community The Nature and Purpose of the Christian Community (the Church) 3 Gavin D’Costa The Nature and Purpose of the Community (Ummah) in the Qura¯n15 Abdullah Saeed Scripture Dialogue I: God’s People Israel and the Church 29 Exodus 19:1–6; 1 Peter 2:9–10; Romans 11:28–32 Scripture Dialogue II: The Umma and Earlier Religious Communities 33 Qura¯n 2:120–45; 3:113–15; 5:65–66 Scripture Dialogue III: The Nature and Purpose of the Church 39 Ephesians 4:1–16; Matthew 28:16–20 Scripture Dialogue IV: The Nature and Purpose of the Umma 41 Qura¯n 2:143; 3:110; 5:48 Part II: Unity and Disunity in the Life of the Community Perspectives on Christian Desires for Communion and Experiences of Division (or, The History of the Church in Half a Chapter!) 45 Lucy Gardner Unity and Disunity in the Life of the Muslim Community 65 Feras Hamza Scripture Dialogue V: Unity and Disunity in the Church 79 John 17:20–24; 1 Corinthians 1:10–17 Scripture Dialogue VI: Unity and Disunity in the Umma 81 Qura¯n 3:102–5; Qura¯n 4:59; Qura¯n 23:52–53; Qura¯n 49:9–13; H. adı¯ths v Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ CNTS 01-22-15 09:46:21 PS PAGE v vi Contents Part III: Continuity and Change in the Life of the Community Continuity and Change in the Life of the Community: Muslims’ Changing Attitudes to Change 87 Ahmet Alibasˇic´ The Christian Church Facing Itself and Facing the World: An Ecumenical Overview of Modern Christian Ecclesiology 97 Brandon Gallaher Scripture Dialogue VII: Continuity and Change in the Church 147 Acts 15:1–29 Scripture Dialogue VIII: Continuity and Change in the Umma 151 Qura¯n 2:142–44; Hadith Part IV: Reflection Conversations in Doha 155 Lucinda Mosher Index 165 Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ CNTS 01-22-15 09:46:22 PS PAGE vi Participants Professor Asma Afsaruddin Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana Professor Akintunde Akinade Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar Dr. Afifi al-Akiti University of Oxford, UK Dr. Ahmet Alibasˇic´ University of Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina Dr. Betu¨l Avci Yalova University, Turkey The Rev. Dr. Sunil Caleb Bishop’s College, Kolkata, India Professor Gavin D’Costa, University of Bristol, UK President John J. DeGioia Georgetown University, Washington, DC The Rev. Dr. Susan Eastman Duke University Divinity School, Durham, North Carolina Dr. Brandon Gallaher University of Oxford, UK The Rev. Lucy Gardner St Stephen’s House, University of Oxford, UK Dr. Feras Hamza University of Wollongong in Dubai The Rt. Rev. Dr. Michael Ipgrave Church of England vii Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ PART 01-22-15 09:46:25 PS PAGE vii viii Participants Mr. Adeel Khan Doha International Centre for Interfaith Dialogue, Qatar Professor Daniel Madigan SJ Georgetown University, Washington, DC The Rev. Dr. David Marshall Duke University Divinity School, Durham, North Carolina Mr. Muhammad Modassir Ali Qatar University, College of Sharia & Islamic Studies Shaykh Ibrahim Mogra Muslim Council of Britain Dr. Dheen Mohamed Qatar University, College of Sharia & Islamic Studies Dr. Esther Mombo St Paul’s University, Limuru, Kenya Dr. Lucinda Mosher Hartford Seminary, Hartford, Connecticut Professor Abdullah Saeed University of Melbourne, Australia Ms. Mashal Saif Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Dr. Hansjo¨rg Schmid Academy of the Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart, Germany Professor Recep S¸entu¨rk Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey Dr. Ayman Shabana Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar Dr. Reza Shah-Kazemi Institute of Ismaili Studies, London, UK Professor Philip Sheldrake Westcott House, University of Cambridge, UK Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ PART 01-22-15 09:46:26 PS PAGE viii Participants ix Dr. Ayman Shihadeh School of Oriental & African Studies, University of London, UK Professor Janet Soskice University of Cambridge, UK Professor Homayra Ziad Trinity College, Hartford, Hartford, Connecticut Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ PART 01-22-15 09:46:26 PS PAGE ix Copyright © Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC. All rights reserved. ................. 18662$ PART 01-22-15 09:46:26 PS PAGE x Introduction his book presents the proceedings of the twelfth Building Bridges TSeminar—an annual gathering of Christian and Muslim scholars founded by the Archbishop of Canterbury in January 2002. In anticipation of his retire- ment as Archbishop of Canterbury at the end of 2012, Rowan Williams arranged for this project, which he had chaired since 2003, to be taken under the stewardship of Georgetown University in July of that