T HE J E W I S H L I T E R A RY A N N UA L 1 9 0 3 PUBLISHED FOR UNION OF JEWISH LITERARY SOCIETIES M E T HYA SON HON . E AL R M . S C ETA Y B , R R , 102 GROSVENOR ROAD HIGHBURY , , N fiONDO , N. Pric e One S hilli ng. J \ ‘ inted b YNE NS N r BALLANT A O Gr 00 . P y , H At the Ballantyne Press THIS VOLUME 18 D E D I C A T E D T O DR MI HAEL FRIEDLANDER . C , THE HONORARY CHAIRMAN OF THE UNION OF JEWIS H LITERARY S OCIETIES , ON THE OCCASION OF HIS S EVENTIETH BIRTHDAY AS A T B OF A O AND S M RI UTE FFECTI N E TEE , BY HIS S A M R S AND I S FRIEND , D IRE PUP L THE MEMBERS OF THE CONSTITUENT SOCIETIES F THE O O UNI N . C ON T E N T S PREFACE UNION OF JEWISH LITERARY SOCIETIES E"ECUTIVE BRADY S TR EET CLUB FOR WORKING BOYS BUTLER STREET GIRLS’ CLUB THE CITY JEWISH SOCIAL AND LITERARY SOCIETY EAST LONDON ASSOCIATION OF JE WISH YOUTH HAMPST A ST JOHN’S WOO J ISH LITER E D AND . D EW ARY SOCIETY THE JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND ' THE JEWISH S TUDY SOCIETY JEWS’ COLLEGE LITERARY SOCIETY ’ JEWS COLLEGE UNION SOCIETY NORTH LONDON JEWIS H LITER ARY AND SOCIAL UNION S OUTH-EAST LONDON JEWISH LITERARY AND MUSICAL SOCIETY SOUTH HACKNEY JEWISH S OCIAL AND LITERARY SOCIETY SOUTH LONDON JEWIS H LITERARY AND SOCIAL SOCIETY ’ STEPNEY JEWIS H LADS CLUE ’ T HE WEST CENTRAL JEWISH WORKING LADS CLUB WEST-END JEWISH LITERARY S OCIETY ’ BIRMINGHAM JEWIS H YOUNG MEN S AS SOCIATION BRISTOL JEWIS H SOCIAL AND DERATING SOCIETY CARDIFF JEWISH LITERARY AND S OCIAL SOCIETY V l l CONTENTS PAGE UNION OF JEWISH LITERARY SOCIETIES (continued) GLASGOW JEWISH LITERARY AND SOCIAL SOCIETY LEEDS JEWISH YOUNG MEN’S ASS OCIATION LIVERPOOL JEWIS H YOUNG MEN’S SOCIETY ’ MANCHESTER JRWIS H WORKING MEN S CLUB THE PARK PLACE SYNAGOGUE ASSOCIATION; MANCHES TER NE PO T MON JE ISH LIT ER AND S OCI I STITUTE W R ( . ) W ARY AL N SWANSEA JEWISH LITERARY S OCIETY THE TREDEGAR JEWISH LIT ERARY AND SOCIAL SOCIETY T HE JEWISH LITERARY S OCIETY (MELBOURNE) SI" LECTURES JE HUDA HALEVI By IS RAEL COHEN. THE JEWISH SCHOOL-CHILD By A. EICHHOLz, M. D . JEWIS H CONC EPTION OF THE UNIVERSE IN THE MIDDLE AGES B ARTWIG IRS CHFELD Ph. D. y H H , JEWISH SURNAMES N By ALBERT M. HYAE SO . MODERN JUDAISII IN RELATION TO THE STATE B AURIE MAGNUS M A. y L , THE POSITION OP JUDAISM IN THE CONTLICT BETWEEN RELIGION AND MODERN S CIE NCE M D . B SN WMAN . y J . O . P R E F AC E THE preface to the first Jewish Literary Annual pub lished under the auspices of the Union of Jewish Literary Societies may most appropriately consist of an account of Un n n Te. the work of the io duri g the past year, the first Th . e U n of its existence objects of the nion , as i corporated 29th n 1902 in the constitution adopted on the Ju e , are as follows The diffus kn ion of a owledge of Jewish literature , and history, sociology . The co o rdination of the work of literary societies in general . The formation Of new literary societies, and the encouragement Of the literary sides Of Jewish social clubs . The establishment of means whereby the literary efforts of the societies may be organised and n utilised in commo . The provision of literary material and guidance to members of societies desirous of preparing lectures . The encouragement Of inter-society meetings and debates. The n w promotio of popular Je ish publications. The organisation of summer meetings for Jewish studies . The n Of li r and en assista ce existing bra ies, the c ouragement of circulating libraries in con nec tion with literary societies . x PREFACE It was thought by the Committee that of these objects the following demanded the earliest consideration : The formation of new literary societies in suitable districts ; a the support of the societies alre dy in existence , but for various reasons likely to succumb if unaided in the face of the difficulties that beset them ; and the encourage ’ ’ t - ment of li erary sides to existing working men s, lads and ’ C To ur n girls lubs . the f therance of this portio of its programme the Committee therefore devoted itself in the first place, with the result that at its suggestion meet d in d n ings were calle various istricts, metropolita and c n U n a . provincial, at whi h represe tatives of the nio ttended By these means literary societies have been formed in N t - W L S L S or h est ondon , outh ondon, Bayswater, wansea, C d f T s n and ar i f. hese five societies owe their exi te ce ff W U . directly to the e orts of the nion hile, however, the Union may legitimately take credit for its share in this k m no t u r wor , it ust be forgotten that the b lk of necessa y effort and responsibility has fallen on the shoulders of Th n U . e local residents influe ce of the nion , moreover, al i n has so had other ind rect results, for in conseque ce of the interest aroused in the literary society movement ’ by last year s Conference and by the action of the U ’ m nion s practical activity, si ilar societies have been r formed in many other dist icts, and have passed through successful seasons . The Union has also proved itself of use in the case of a few societies that had apparently fallen on evil days . Com By sending representatives, and in other ways, the mittee has prevented the dissolution of more than one literary society already in existence ; and fortified by the nc n e ourageme t they have received , these societies have been enabled to carry through program mes which have proved both of interest and of value to their members . The Committee has also put itself in correspondence with n the manageme t of the various Jewish clubs , with the object of inducing them to create literary sides to their PREFACE xi s institution , with the result that most of the leading Jewish clubs of the country have decided to hold lectures and r n To m n ar a ge debates . facilitate the anageme t of these departments the Union has undertaken to furnish n such clubs with lecturers, which it was e abled to do thanks to the satisfactory response it received from the ladies and gentlemen who were invited to lecture under A d its auspices. pproaches were also ma e to various societies for the study of Hebrew literature in the and n original, also to the Zio ist societies with literary and n sides, it is hoped that good will fi ally result from this action. To the societies that it was instrumental in bringing e f n C into xistence or saving rom exti ction , the ommittee considered itself in an especial degree responsible for the provision of material for the completion of their literary To programmes . enable it to fulfil its promises to supply n n the co stitue t societies with lecturers on Jewish subjects, it issued invitations to a large number of Jewish ladies and gentlemen asking them to consent to lec ture or ' Of read papers at convenient dates . the replies received about ninety conveyed the consent of their writers to the inclusion of their names in the list of lecturers in n n ss preparatio , and this list , which has now bee i ued N ’ n 0 . U as . IV of the nion s publicatio s, contains some h A d in t e . seven hun red entries subject index lthough, d r i of course, many of these are in uplicate or t ipl cate , the compilation contains sufficient entries to relieve the managements Of literary societies of any trouble so far as the Jewish side of their literary programmes are con r d r Of ce ned for many years to come , and as a i ectory Anglo -Jewish lecturers it should prove of considerable was use to a still wider circle. It decided to invite lecturers to accept a uniform fee for each lecture of one T guinea and travelling expenses. o this request an unani n n L mous conse t was give . ecturers were further asked , whether they would be willing to forego these fees and even xii PREFACE and s a the expenses in exceptional cases, to thi a m jority of the ladies and gentlemen have also kindly c onsented . Invitations have als o been issued to a selec ted number f s of colonial and oreign Jewi h litterateurs and scientists, MSS r es inviting them to place . of thei lectur at the dis U I posal of the nion , and the ssue of similar invitations to distinguished non-Jewish scholars resident in this country s is al o contemplated . It was felt that there were many members of the constituent societies who were only in need of helpful suggestions to assist and encourage them to undertake his research , and read papers dealing with Jewish tory, e A lit rature , and sociology .