THE CHECKERED BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE) OF FLORIDA By JOHN MOELLER LEAVENGOOD, JR. A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2008 1 © 2008 John Moeller Leavengood, Jr. 2 In loving memory of Kevin Thomsen, a dear friend 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For their shared interest in taxonomy and their inspiration I would like to thank James C. Dunford, Marc A. Branham, James C. Wiley, John L. Foltz, and Paul M. Choate. I would like to thank my supervisory committee (Michael C. Thomas, Paul E. Skelley, and Amanda C. Hodges) for their support and friendly criticism. I would also like to thank my father, John M. Leavengood. He has been a financier of this project and he has served me enormously as a confidant and a friend. A lifetime seems far too short to truly repay him for all he has done for me—but I will try anyway. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................12 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................13 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................15 Literature Review ...................................................................................................................18 Materials and Methods ...........................................................................................................20 Key to the Subfamilies of Cleridae .........................................................................................22 2 CLERINAE .............................................................................................................................25 Key to the Florida Genera of Clerinae ....................................................................................25 Genus Enoclerus Gahan, 1910 ...............................................................................................25 Key to the Florida Species of Enoclerus ................................................................................26 Enoclerus angustus (LeConte), 1849 (Figs. 2-1, 2-2) .....................................................27 Enoclerus ichneumoneus (Fabricius), 1777 (Figs. 2-3, 2-4) ...........................................29 Enoclerus lunatus (Klug), 1842 (Figs. 2-5, 2-6) .............................................................35 Enoclerus nigrifrons (Say), 1823 (Figs. 2-7, 2-8) ...........................................................39 Enoclerus nigripes (Say), 1823 (Figs. 2-9, 2-10) ............................................................40 Enoclerus rosmarus (Say), 1823 (Figs. 2-11, 2-12) ........................................................42 Genus Placopterus Wolcott, 1910 ..........................................................................................44 Placopterus subcostatus (Schaeffer), 1917 .....................................................................44 Placopterus thoracicus (Olivier), 1795 (Figs. 2-13, 2-14) ..............................................45 Genus Priocera Kirby, 1818 ...................................................................................................47 Priocera castanea (Newman), 1838 (Figs. 2-15, 2-16) ..................................................48 Genus Thanasimus Latrielle, 1806 .........................................................................................50 Thanasimus dubius (Fabricius), 1777 (Figs. 2-17, 2-18) ................................................51 Genus Trichodes Herbst, 1792 ...............................................................................................54 Trichodes apivorus Germar, 1824 (Figs. 2-19, 2-20) ......................................................55 5 3 ENOPLIINAE .........................................................................................................................70 Key to the Florida Genera of Enopliinae ................................................................................70 Genus Chariessa Perty, 1830 .................................................................................................70 Key to the Florida Species of Chariessa .........................................................................71 Chariessa floridana Schaeffer, 1917 (Figs. 3-1, 3-2) .....................................................71 Chariessa pilosa Forster, 1771 (Figs. 3-3, 3-4) ...............................................................71 Genus Cregya LeConte, 1861 .................................................................................................76 Key to the Florida Species of Cregya ..............................................................................76 Cregya oculata (Say), 1835 (Figs. 3-5, 3-6) ...................................................................76 Cregya quadrinotata Spinola, 1844 (Figs. 3-7, 3-8) .......................................................79 Genus Neorthopleura Barr, 1976 ...........................................................................................80 Neorthopleura thoracica (Say), 1823 (Figs. 3-9, 3-10) ..................................................80 Genus Pelonium Spinola, 1844 ...............................................................................................87 Pelonium leucophaeum (Klug), 1842 (Figs. 3-11, 3-12) .................................................87 4 EPIPHLOEINAE ....................................................................................................................98 Key to the Florida Genera and Species of Epiphloeinae ........................................................98 Genus Madoniella Pic, 1935 ...................................................................................................98 Madoniella dislocatus (Say), 1825 (Figs. 4-1, 4-2) .........................................................98 Genus Pyticeroides Kuwert, 1894 ........................................................................................100 Pyticeroides laticornis (Say), 1835 (Figs. 4-3, 4-4) ......................................................101 5 HYDNOCERINAE ...............................................................................................................106 Key to the Florida Genera of Hydnocerinae .........................................................................106 Genus Isohydnocera Chapin, 1917 .......................................................................................106 Isohydnocera curtipennis (Newman), 1840 (Figs. 5-1, 5-2) .........................................106 Genus Phyllobaenus Dejean, 1833 .......................................................................................108 Key to the Florida Species of Phyllobaenus .........................................................................110 Phyllobaenus humeralis (Say), 1823 (Figs. 5-3, 5-4) ...................................................111 Phyllobaenus pallipennis (Say), 1825 (Figs. 5-5, 5-6) ..................................................112 Phyllobaenus pubescens (LeConte), 1849 (Figs. 5-7, 5-8) ...........................................114 Phyllobaenus rufipes (Newman), 1840 (Figs. 5-9, 5-10) ..............................................116 Phyllobaenus suturalis (Klug), 1842 (Figs. 5-11, 5-12) ...............................................117 Phyllobaenus unifasciatus (Say), 1825 (Figs. 5-13, 5-14) ............................................118 Phyllobaenus verticalis Say, 1835 (Figs. 5-15, 5-16) ...................................................120 6 KORYNETINAE ..................................................................................................................132 Genus Necrobia Olivier, 1795 ..............................................................................................132 Key to the Florida Species of Necrobia ........................................................................132 Necrobia ruficollis Fabricius, 1775 (Figs. 6-1, 6-2) ......................................................133 Necrobia rufipes Degeer, 1775 (Figs. 6-3, 6-4) ............................................................133 Necrobia violacea (Linnaeus), 1758 (Figs. 6-5, 6-6) ....................................................137 6 7 TARSOSTENINAE ..............................................................................................................142 Genus Tarsostenus Spinola, 1844 .........................................................................................142 Tarsostenus univittatus (Rossi), 1792 (Figs. 7-1, 7-2) ..................................................142 8 THANEROCLERINAE .......................................................................................................146 Key to the Florida Genera and Species of Thaneroclerinae .................................................146 Genus Ababa Casey, 1897 ....................................................................................................146 Ababa tantilla (LeConte), 1865 (Figs. 8-1, 8-2) ...........................................................147