Solar And Wind Energy Modelling … (Wahyu Edifikar et al.) SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY MODELLING FOR CENTRAL BANGKA REGENCY, BANGKA BELITUNG PROVINCE Wahyu Edifikar1*, Bertha Maya Sopha2, Ahmad Agus Setiawan3 1Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta 2Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada 3Engineering Physics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract History: Central Bangka is a developing regency in Bangka Belitung Island Province. Geographically Bangka Belitung Islands is not far from the equator. The development of human resources and infrastructure for the energy sector is an integral part of regional development efforts. To fulfill the district's energy, we need to look Received: September 20, 2017 at the potential of renewable energy such as wind power and solar power within the district. This research also Accepted: June 7, 2020 provides the potential renewable energy capacity configuration through a simulation. First published online: This research used the simulation approach method to map the energy demand over the district and July 15, 2020 renewable energy available in the region. Energy demand data received from the National Electrical Company (PLN) of Bangka Belitung Province, and potential renewable energy data were obtained from the Ministry of Keywords: Energy and Mineral Resources of The Republic of Indonesia and the NASA website. Software HOMER is used to analyze electrical energy potential from renewable energy sources. Renewable energy The simulation shows wind energy could provide 0.15 – 0.19 kW and solar power at 3.99 – 4.96 Wind kW/m2/day. The optimum configuration of energy supply consists of 61.4% solar energy and 38.6% wind energy. Solar PV The hybrid configuration above using the solar photovoltaic (PV) output of 286,981 kWh/year and wind HOMER generator output of 180,758 kWh/year and an estimated value of $1,663,598.53 for capital cost, $134,548.34 of operational cost, and cost of energy generated at $0.43/kWh. 1. Introduction 2. Methodology This research has some steps, preliminary studies, Fossil fuel (such as oil, coal, and natural gas) with problem identification, data collection, data preparation, limited supply is Indonesia's primary energy source. analysis, and conclusion withdrawal. Preliminary studies Renewable energy sources must be used as a solution to identify the problem with some book studies concerning fulfill the energy demand. In 2013, there are many new potential, technology, and references and then determine and renewable energy policy changes, technology the research goal. development, and deployment in the world, including In the identification step, an observation for wind Indonesia (Zervos et al., 2016). Setiawan et al. (2008) and solar energy is done to fulfill the research's goal. This designed a mini-grid hybrid power system to supply modeling aims to give some perspective of combined electrical energy in meeting a demand for clean water in renewable energy power plant configuration, so the the remote Maldives. Khan and Iqbal (2005) examined the optimization method was used. HOMER software helped complete measurement of a battery-diesel-battery PV- to provide some view of the current condition from data wind-fuel cell-diesel system for remote home areas in gathered. Simulation results are based on an economic Newfoundland, Canada. and technical issue. The modeling approach in this study In Indonesia, colossal wind and solar energy boost uses the optimization approach (Neshat et al., 2014). new and renewable energy research at Central Bangka The data in this study is used as input data in a hybrid Regency in Bangka Belitung Province (Kusdiana, 2016). system power plant simulation. It consists of diesel power Wind blow at a speed rate of 6.3 knots (3,24 m/s) and plant electrical condition of Bangka Belitung area, load, maximum speed at 10.7 knots (5.5 m/s) In the Bangka wind energy potential, and solar energy potential. Aside Tengah district. Meanwhile, solar intensity ranged from primary data, there will be secondary data such as between 28.1% to 86.1% (RPJMD Central Bangka Regency, population, maximum load demand, existing electrical 2010-2015). infrastructure, and existing renewable energy PT. PLN (Persero) Bangka Belitung area is the leading infrastructure in Central Bangka Regency. Data for electrical energy supplier in Bangka Tengah district, using research gathered from many sources, some from Energy a Diesel engine to produce the electricity. The electrical and Mineral Resources Ministry (ESDM), National energy supply for Bangka Tengah district has 7.5 MW Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), (7.511 kW) with energy production at 37,985,654 kWh and Meteorological and Geophysics agency and some other power wattage demand at 24,072,350 kVA and increasing agencies in regards to renewable energy for Central (PLN Bangka Belitung area, 2015). Bangka Regency, as well as international institution such This study aims to describe and design the potential as National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). mix of wind and solar renewable energy sources as a Hybrid Optimization Model for Electrical Renewable power generation source. Wind and solar energy (HOMER) was used in this research. HOMER is a software utilization are expected to support PLN to provide that helps to optimize and analyze the hybrid power plant. electricity supply in Central Bangka Regency. Data were categorized and simulated with the help of HOMER software. With HOMER's ability at hybrid power plant modeling, a conclusion for the most optimum Online version available at http://journal.ugm.ac.id/index. 27 ASEAN Journal of System Engineering, Vol. 4, No.1, July 2020:27-30 configuration can be seen based on energy resources data Denmark Researcher (DANIDA). Figure 2 is the wind speed and electrical energy usage data gathered. Solar and wind map, and Figure 4 is the surface temperature map. potential data as a critical input in simulation. In the HOMER itself, the value of electricity generation using PV can be calculated by Formula 1, whereas the generation of electricity by a wind turbine is calculated by Formula 2 (Lambert, 2005). = × × (1) X where: PPV = PV power production (W); YPV = power output testing with standard conditions (kW); FPV = PV derating factor (%); GT = moment radiation surface of PV array 2 (kW/m ); GT,STC = instantaneous radiation according to standard test conditions (1 kW/m2). Figure 2. Wind Speed Map = 0,5 × × × × (2) The potential for wind energy is based on wind speed where: Pturbine = power production (W); ρ = air density (Kg/m3); A = the area of the turbine (m2); V = wind speed and wind availability. Daily wind speed is shown in Figure (m/s); = efficiency (%) 3. 6 4.9 4.9 4.68 4.82 5.25 5.01 4.85 4.89 4.45 5.23 5.11 HOMER's main job was to simulate, optimize, and 5 4.37 5.17 4 5.09 5.28 5.07 4.95 sensitivity analysis. The model was simulated at every 4.86 4.87 4.92 4.78 4.57 4.53 3 4.35 hour for a year to see the efficiency factor, viability, and 2 1 cost-effectiveness. The optimization method used Wind Speed (m/s) 0 analyzed the most cost-effective system combination, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 which fulfills the technical requirements. Sensitivity Time (Hour) analysis analyzes the effect of different inputs such as load Figure 3. Daily Wind Speed demand, fuel cost, sun radiation, and average wind speed (Zoubeidi et al., 2012). The potential data of solar radiation taken from the The simulation was analyzed and determined to be NASA website is already connected to HOMER. The the best combination of renewable energy potential and potential of solar energy is considered from the amount of electrical energy demand in Central Bangka Regency. The solar radiation shown in Figure 5. operational implication to the current electrical condition in Bangka Tengah Regency was told at the end. 3. Result and Discussion This hourly load usage was from PLN Bangka Belitung area which supply 7 area (Koba, Simpang Katis, Lubuk Besar, Sungai Selan, Namang, Pangkalan Baru and some of Pangkal Pinang). Residential usage was the highest. Figure 1 below shown the profile. 35 30 25 Figure 4. Surface Temperature Map 20 15 Load (kw) Load 6 10 5 /day) 2 5 4 0 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Time (hour) 2 1 Figure 1. Daily Electrical Energy Consumption Profile daily radiation radiation (kWh/m daily 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec The location for this research was obtained based on Series1 4.28 4.79 4.68 4.6 4.43 4.42 4.49 4.89 4.96 4.66 4.25 3.99 wind speed and surface temperature data from Energy and Natural Resources Ministry in collaboration with Figure 5. Daily Radiation Solar Level 28 Online version available at http://journal.ugm.ac.id/index. Solar And Wind Energy Modelling … (Wahyu Edifikar et al.) Inputs on HOMER are electric load data, wind speed HOMER simulation results used net present cost for data, solar radiation data, earth surface temperature, and the primary reference. But still, open to the best choice to diesel fuel prices. Some supporting parameters as put into consideration based on the simulation. The most simulated controllers in HOMER are component cost efficient power plant configuration is based on the (initial cost, replacement cost, O & M), emission penalty, economic and renewable energy factors shown in Table 2.