N U M BJOURNAL FORANTHROPOSOPHY E R 42 AUTUMN 1985 ISSN-0021-8235 E D IT O R A rthur G. Zajonc MANAGING EDITOR Susann Gierman-Clark ASSOCIATE EDITOR Jeanne Bergen The Journal For Anthroposophy is published twice a year by the Anthroposophi­ cal Society in America. Subscription is $10.00 per year (domestic); $12.00 per year (foreign). Manuscripts (double-spaced, typed), poetry, artwork, and advertising can be mailed to the editor. Back issues can be obtained for $5.00 ea. plus postage. All correspondence should be sent to: Journal for Anthroposophy P.O. Box 58 Hadley, MA. 01035 Title Design by Walter Roggenkamp. Journal for Anthroposophy. Number 42, Autumn, 1985 ® 1985, The Anthroposophical Society in America Christmas[Image: graphicform]JournalforAnthroposophy Deep in the ground of the human soul, O f victory assured, The Spirit-Sun is living. All through the winter of the inner life The faithful heart divines it. Now the heart’s spring of hope beholds The Sun, His coming glory In Christmas’ light of blessing— Token of highest life In winter’s deepest night. — Rudolf Steiner translated by George Adams. AUTUMN 1985 • NUMBER 42 Dear Reader, With this issue, the editorship of the Journal for Anthroposophy is placed into new hands. For twenty years, since its inception in 1965, the Journal has been edited by the Barnes’, first Henry and then Christy. Under their able guidance the Journal grew from modest beginnings to the substantial magazine it now is. Throughout, even with its first issues, the Journal has striven to bring together in the English language, articles of the highest quality. As I assume the role of editor, I do so aware of the sound foundations established by those before me, but I also look forward with excitement to the developments of the future. I hope that with each issue you sense the energy, thought, and care behind every feature, every change. A few changes may be evident in this issue, others are still to come. As the Journal is gradually reshaped, I hope its readers will comment on its moments of success or failure—for its sole purpose is to serve you, the readership, in a manner not possible through the myriad publications available on every newstand. As with those periodicals, this is a journal about our world, about people, initiatives and creations. Yet each of these should be considered, probed, and illumined in a manner touched by a deeper vision. While this is not a journal about Anthroposophy, it is one about ourselves and our world illumined by a struggle for knowledge of our spiritual self and the spiritual cosmos in which we are placed. Although the articles of this issue are varied, many revolve around the theme of health—body and soul. They seek to explore the nature of childhood illness, nutrition, and mental health by a fuller understanding of the human being. In addition, you will find two “feature” articles, one on the Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky and the other on the work in education undertaken by Professor Douglas Sloan of Columbia University. Features such as these will become a regular part of the Journal bringing important and interesting initiatives to greater awareness. — Arthur G. Zajonc Contents 5 Reflections on Fever in Childhood BY UWE STAVE 13 Nourishment and Education BY UDO RENZENBRINK • Translated by Peter Luborsky 22 Psychology, Anthroposophy, and Self-Transformation: Transition to a New Age BY DAVID SCHULTZ 36 An Interview with Andrei Tarkovsky BY NATHAN FEDEROVSKY • Translated by Marton Radkai 43 Goethe’s Philosophy of Science Facts as Theory: Part II BY ARTHUR G. ZAJONC 58 Joy, Healing and Community in Singing BY DINA SORESI WINTER 68 The Reunion of Knowledge and Values: On Douglas Sloan BY DONNA MARIE TROSTLI Poems & Prayers 1 Christmas • RUDOLF STEINER 11 In Thought for a Child • ADAM BITTLESTON 21 Grace Before Meals • RUDOLF STEINER Book Reviews 73 To Look on Earth with More Than Mortal Eyes MARJORIE SPOCK • Reviewed by Jeanne Bergen 76 Art and Human Consciousness GOTTFRIED RICHTER • Reviewed by J. Leonard Benson 79 Rumors of Peace ELLA LEFFLAND • Reviewed by Sandra Doren 82 The Inner Nature of Music and the Experience of Tone RUDOLF STEINER • Reviewed by Marton Radkai 85 Notes on Contributors [Image: drawing]Study[Image: of a child for “Downtrodden”. Kaethe Kollwitz, 1900 Reflections on Fever in Childhood UWE STAVE W hat do adults feel and perceive when suffering from a fever? And what do we remember of our feelings when we were sick with a fever in childhood? Certainly such perceptions are highly subjective and therefore can differ widely, but some similarities are frequently reported. In the beginning of a fever, during the increase of body temperature, one often experiences some psychological activation. Children first become busy, talkative, and restless, changing rather suddenly to a tired state, desiring to lie down. During the stage of increasing body temperature the child looks pale, experiences chills, responding to questions with a delay. Upon close observation one notices that the febrile child seems to hide behind a veil-like mask. Perception of Temperature The surface of our skin feels and differentiates hot and cold sensa­ tions. What we feel as cool or cold refers to that which has a lower temperature than our skin; warm or hot refers to a temperature above that of our skin. If we were to put our right hand in a dish of cold water, our left hand in a dish of hot water, wait momentarily, then plunge both hands into tepid water, we would perceive the same water as being warm on the cold hand, and cold on the hot hand. This “double sensation” fades as the skin temperature adjusts to the water temperature. There are skin areas with low and high temper- 5 6 • UWE STAVE ature sensitivity corresponding to the number and kind of nerve endings present. Our lips, for instance, have the highest sensitivity to heat. By contrast, there are only half as many nerve endings per unit area on the dorsal part of our fingers, slipping to one quarter the sensitivity on the thigh. It is also true that one’s head differentiates environmental temperatures better than one’s feet so that generally speaking, we can say there is a head-to-foot decrease of heat sensitivity in our body. On temperature regulation If one were to expose the bare skin to a cold wind or swim in cold water, the skin would first turn pale, slowly changing to a red, well-circulated condition. This is the regulatory response of our body to a cold environment. Likewise, we also know the effect of sweating, and the cooling of water evaporation on our skin. It is within our very nature to keep our body within a comfortable range of environ­ mental temperatures. In cold weather we seek refuge in a shelter or heated house, while actively creating a source of heat by building a fire. Human beings are warm-blooded and need to keep their body temperature within a rather narrow range. It is true that most children maintain a slightly higher body temperature than adults; individual levels and day/night changes (diurnal temperature patterns) must be taken into account when looking at a person’s health. Most parents have learned to distinguish between normal and abnormally elevated body temperatures in their own children. Some parents have also learned their child’s particular ability to adjust to warm/cold environ­ mental conditions. The physiology of temperature regulation has been well researched, even in infants. This research has revealed the importance of a rather small region in the brain for keeping the body temperature constant. This “temperature center” is where regulatory adjustments originate, and is responsible for maintaining the body’s temperature or changing it. The “regulating intelligence,” however, remains a secret. The morphological temperature center in the brain is also stimulated by brain diseases (encephalitis) or brain tumors. Fever in Childhood • 7 Warmth and the quality of warmth Heat production in the human body is said to be the result of burning nutrients. Biochemically speaking, the burning of organic substances begins slowly, gradually becoming a cascade-like oxida­ tion transforming matter into usable energy. Transformation of matter always involves a warmth process, heat or fire being the great transformer! However, warmth can “disap­ pear” into matter as when ice thaws, or it can be “liberated,” for instance, when water freezes. The physical sciences do not acknowl­ edge anything beyond the statement that heat is a measure of move­ ment of the smallest material particles (molecular movements). In order to go beyond that, one has to introduce the notion that warmth has qualities. Because this leads beyond measurable temperature dif­ ferences, the distinction of warmth qualities cannot occur on the physical level. Burning love, warm wishes, hot temper, and nest- warmth all refer to man’s relationship to warmth. On another level, one recognizes the spiritual realm of our existence in our personality warmth or Ego. Consciousness, creativity, and soul life rest on a functioning warmth organism. The etheric and astral world; the Ego-organization In the realm of life forces or the etheric world one speaks of “life warmth” as a quality that accompanies growth and nutrition. Under certain circumstances we may distinguish between lifeless and living warmth, but in anthroposophical terms we speak simply of physical warmth and warmth ether. The warmth of a nursed infant has a quality recognizable with a soul sense which is very different from the warmth sensation of an adult. Rudolf Steiner spoke of the “living warmth” as the archetype of warmth, and used the expression “warmth is just a fine etheric matter” (1905).