LoRaWAN Empowers Very Low-power, Wireless Applications Editor-in-Chief: John Koon Version 1.0 LoRaWAN/LoRa Alliance marks provided with permission of the LoRa Alliance Published by Tech Idea Research, a division of Tech Idea International, San Diego, California, USA. Copyright © 2020 Tech Idea Research. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the publisher. 2 TABLE OF CONTETS 1.1 Introduction of the LoRaWAN® eBook .................................................................................... 5 1.2 Momentum is Building for LoRaWAN ...................................................................................... 7 INTERVIEW ................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1 One-on-one Interview with the Chairwoman of LoRa Alliance ....................................... 15 LoRaWAN CERTIFICATION ..................................................................................................... 20 3.1 One-on-one Interview with the Director of LoRaWAN Certification ............................. 20 LoRaWAN SECURITY ............................................................................................................... 23 4.1 LoRaWAN Security Basic Part 1: ............................................................................................ 23 Server and end device relationship in LoRaWAN network ..................................................... 23 4.2 LoRaWAN Security Basic Part 2: ............................................................................................ 25 Authentication and “Key” Management in LoRaWAN ............................................................. 25 4.3 LoRaWAN Scalable & Secured Device Activation .............................................................. 27 4.4 Building Secure IoT Applications: From Design to Implementation ............................. 34 LoRaWAN ARCHITECTURE ..................................................................................................... 40 5.1 LoRaWAN ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW ............................................................................... 40 LoRaWAN DESIGN SERIES ..................................................................................................... 43 6.1 LoRaWAN Roaming .................................................................................................................... 43 6.2 Firmware Updates Using LoRaWAN ...................................................................................... 49 6.3 Accelerating IoT end node design with LoRaWAN ............................................................ 57 6.4 Intelligence at the Edge ............................................................................................................. 64 6.5 Microshare Smart Facilities Management Solutions on LoRaWAN® ............................ 68 6.6 Accelerating IoT Solutions Deployment in Healthcare with myDevices' End-to-End Platform ................................................................................................................................................ 76 6.7 Building end-to-end network with IP over LoRaWAN ........................................................ 80 6.8 How multi-mode location on LoRaWAN helps create business value .......................... 89 6.9 Use of LoRaWAN Gateways Multi-Network SIMs in the Airtime Tariff Applications . 95 6.10 Device-to-Cloud LoRaWAN IoT Solution .......................................................................... 101 6.11 The Modernization of IoT Networks ................................................................................... 105 6.12 LoRaWAN: Breaking the IoT walled garden ..................................................................... 109 6.13 STM32 Microcontrollers & LoRaWAN® ............................................................................. 113 6.14 LoRa Technology: Enabling our world to become a Smart Planet ............................ 117 CASE STUDIES ....................................................................................................................... 123 3 7.1 Real-Time Flood Monitoring with LoRaWAN ..................................................................... 123 7.2 A story of the future: self-driving cars love parking sensors ....................................... 125 7.3 LoRaWAN Technology: Transforming Golf Courses by Monitoring Pace of Play .. 132 4 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction of the LoRaWAN® eBook By John Koon, Editor-in-Chief Why LoRaWAN and LPWAN Connectivity Make Sense for the IoT The Internet of Things (IoT) affects our lives in many ways, and to do so the “things” need a wide area network to connect to the cloud and one other. Often, many applications need only low-speed, infrequent communication. These devices can be remote, mobile, and usually battery-operated. Frequent battery replacement is both time-consuming and costly. Therefore, a solution such as a low-power wide area network (LPWAN), which can support devices for seven years or more without requiring battery changes is very attractive. What is LoRaWAN? The long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) specification defines security and carrier-grade IoT LPWAN connectivity. LoRaWAN baud rates range from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps and suffice for most remote monitoring applications. Additionally, LoRaWAN end devices are able to work with multiple networks and roam from one to another, even though these networks are run by different operators. The applications for LoRaWAN is very broad. They include utilities, tracking and logistics, smart city and parking, agriculture and farming, intelligent building, monitoring of remote things like trash, cows, water pipes and the list goes on. Overseeing the standard is a non-profit association, the LoRa Alliance, with more than 500 members. It also manages the LoRaWAN certification program, which ensures the interoperability of all certified devices. Some of the leading member companies include Cisco, Actility, STMicroelectronics, Alibaba, Comcast MachineQ, Tencent, Cisco, Semtech, Sagemcom, Bouygues Telecom, Kerlink, Orange, Schneider, Bosch, Diehl, American Tower Brazil, and Mueller. The official goal of the LoRa Alliance is “To support and promote global adoption of the LoRaWAN standard ensuring interoperability of all LoRaWAN certified devices”. LoRaWAN has gained strong momentum since its inception in 2015. (See Momentum is Building for LoRaWAN ). As of beginning of 2019, the LoRa Alliance achieved a major milestone, surpassing over 100 LoRaWAN network operators globally and the network footprint continues to expand globally. As of October 2019 there are 120 operators with networks in 140 countries. The LoRaWAN Coverage map, segmented by different network operator classifications, can be found on the home page of lora-alliance.org/ 5 Purpose and Organization This eBook gathers relevant LoRaWAN information into one publication for convenient access. The book includes multiple sections. Introduction by the Editor-in-Chief . Interview with the LoRa Alliance Chairperson . Interview with the Director of Certification, LoRa Alliance . LoRaWAN Architecture Overview . Design Articles . Case Studies Editor-in-Chief Tech Idea Research John Koon San Diego, California January 2020 [email protected] 6 1.2 Momentum is Building for LoRaWAN By John Koon, Editor-in-Chief The LoRa Alliance® holds member meetings and open house LoRaWAN Live events regularly at different locations. In the last 12 months these have included Vancouver, Canada (June 2018) , Tokyo, Japan (October 2018); San Diego, US (February 2019); Berlin, Germany (June 2019) and New Delhi, India (October 2019). Each event is well supported by members and an external audience keen to meet the ecosystem showing that the standard, now widely recognized as the de factor standard for unlicensed LPWAN, has gained a great deal of momentum and interest. The Alliance’s increasingly robust ecosystem includes members from operators and silicon manufacturers, to device makers and service providers. Amazon and Intel are some of the newest high profile brands to join as members which signals strong backing from key players in the industry. Figure 1: LoRa Alliance®member meeting and open house in Berlin, Germany showed that the technology has gained a great deal of momentum over recent years. Picture use with permission of LoRa Alliance The open LoRaWAN® standard for IoT low-power wide area networks (LPWANs) enables smart sensors, devices and other objects to connect wirelessly via gateways that relay messages to a central network server. It is known for its bi-directional communication with end- to-end security, mobility and localization services. Perhaps most noticeable of all is its 7 combination of low power consumption and long range. Depending on the application, battery life can be up to 10 years and its range can extend greater than 10 miles. The applications of LoRaWAN are very broad; they cover smart cities, smart manufacturing, industrial IoT, smart homes, infrastructure, smart farming, smart metering, supply chain management, and transportation, including asset tracking. The LoRaWAN ecosystem includes providers of chipsets, modules, devices, gateways, servers (network, security, application or geolocation), networks (public, private or hybrid), cloud platforms/data management and complete solutions. Many legacy wireless systems use frequency shifting keying