Final Report Field trip Finland/Sweden 2008 Chair of Mining Engineering and Mineral Economics Leoben, December 2008 P a g e | 2 OVERVIEW page 1 IMPRESSIONS OF OUR EXCURSION ................................................................6 2 PREFACE .............................................................................................................9 3 SPONSORS........................................................................................................10 4 OVERVIEW ABOUT OUR TOUR .......................................................................11 4.1 Timetable ......................................................................................................12 4.2 Participants ...................................................................................................13 5 GEOLOGY..........................................................................................................14 5.1 Pyhäsalmi .....................................................................................................14 5.2 Kemi..............................................................................................................15 5.3 Kirunavaara ..................................................................................................21 5.4 Kittilä.............................................................................................................23 5.5 Gällivare........................................................................................................27 6 COMPANY PRESENTATIONS ..........................................................................31 6.1 Helsinki (University of technology)................................................................31 6.1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................31 6.1.2 About the University.........................................................................................32 • History.......................................................................................................32 • Key Figures 2007......................................................................................32 • Education..................................................................................................34 • Focus areas for education & research.......................................................34 • Erasmus Mundus Programms...................................................................35 • Master degree programms in English........................................................35 • Masters Degree (1990-2007) ....................................................................36 • Doctorial Degree (1990-2007)...................................................................36 • Graduates in Rock Engineering (Master of Science).................................37 • Cooperation with Finish Companies..........................................................37 6.1.3 Test Mine.........................................................................................................38 P a g e | 3 6.1.4 Overview of Finish Mining................................................................................39 • Mining Base in Finland..............................................................................39 • Overview...................................................................................................39 • Ore outputs ...............................................................................................40 • New Projects.............................................................................................41 6.1.5 Group Picture...................................................................................................42 6.2 Sandvik (Mining equipment) .........................................................................43 6.2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................43 6.2.2 Company Presentation ....................................................................................44 • Mining and Construction Segment ............................................................45 • Test Mine ..................................................................................................48 • Training facility..........................................................................................49 6.2.3 Underground drilling rigs production ................................................................50 • Factory visit...............................................................................................51 6.2.4 Basics of drilling...............................................................................................51 6.2.5 Controlling the stress wave ..............................................................................54 • Primary tensile waves ...............................................................................54 • Secondary tensile waves...........................................................................54 6.2.6 Interaction between percussion and rotation....................................................54 6.2.7 Optimum Feed.................................................................................................55 6.2.8 Sandvik as an employer...................................................................................56 6.2.9 Strategy ...........................................................................................................56 6.2.10 Expectations of Sandvik from employees.........................................................56 • Offers to employees..................................................................................57 6.3 Pyhäsalmi (Cu, Zn, S, Ag) ............................................................................58 6.3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................58 6.3.2 Company .........................................................................................................58 6.3.3 History .............................................................................................................59 6.3.4 Geology ...........................................................................................................59 • Deformation history...................................................................................61 6.3.5 General............................................................................................................62 6.3.6 Mining Method .................................................................................................63 6.3.7 Mine Equipment...............................................................................................67 P a g e | 4 6.3.8 Haulage system ...............................................................................................68 6.3.9 Backfill .............................................................................................................70 6.4 Kemi (Cr) ......................................................................................................71 6.4.1 Introduction......................................................................................................71 6.4.2 Geology ...........................................................................................................72 6.4.3 Underground infrastructure ..............................................................................73 6.4.4 Production .......................................................................................................74 6.4.5 Mentionable facts.............................................................................................76 6.5 Kiruna (Fe)....................................................................................................78 6.5.1 Introduction......................................................................................................78 6.5.2 Geology ...........................................................................................................79 6.5.3 Production .......................................................................................................79 6.5.4 Processing.......................................................................................................81 6.5.5 Mining subsidence damages............................................................................82 6.6 Kittilä (Au) .....................................................................................................84 6.6.1 Summary .........................................................................................................84 6.6.2 Geology, Deposit Type and Mineralization.......................................................85 6.6.3 History and Exploration....................................................................................87 6.6.4 Reserves and Resources.................................................................................90 6.6.5 The Kittilä mine ................................................................................................91 6.6.6 About Riddarhyttan Resources AB...................................................................94 6.6.7 About Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited ..................................................................95 6.7 Rovaniemi (Geological survey) .....................................................................97 6.7.1 Introduction......................................................................................................97