Diversity in neighbouring countries of Germany Uwe Brandenburg Daniela De Ridder Ruth Schwerdtfeger Stefanie Seifert Working paper No. 121 June 2009 CHE Centre for Higher Education Development gGmbH Verler Str. 6 D-33332 Gütersloh Germany Phone: ++49 (0) 5241 97 61 0 Fax: ++49 (0) 5241 97 61 40 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.che.de ISSN 1862-7188 ISBN 978-3-939589-90-7 Diversity in neighbouring countries of Germany Uwe Brandenburg Daniela De Ridder Ruth Schwerdtfeger Stefanie Seifert Working paper No. 121 June 2009 Diversity in neighbouring countries of Germany | page 4 Contents 1 Context ................................................................................................................... 7 2 Profiles ..................................................................................................................12 2.1 European Union ..............................................................................................12 2.1.1 A Higher Education Systems Synopsis .....................................................12 2.1.2 Diversity-Related Topics in the General Context .......................................12 2.1.3 Diversity in the Higher Education Sector ...................................................15 2.1.4 Conclusions ..............................................................................................21 2.2 Austria .............................................................................................................22 2.2.1 The Higher Education System ...................................................................22 2.2.2 Diversity-Related Topics in the General Context .......................................23 2.2.3 Diversity in the Higher Education Sector ...................................................26 2.2.4 Conclusions ..............................................................................................30 2.3 Belgium ...........................................................................................................31 2.3.1 The Higher Education System ...................................................................31 2.3.2 Diversity-Related Topics in the General Context .......................................34 2.3.3 Diversity in the Higher Education Sector ...................................................41 2.3.4 Conclusions ..............................................................................................46 2.4 Czech Republic ...............................................................................................47 2.4.1 The Higher Education System ...................................................................47 2.4.2 Diversity-Related Topics in the General Context .......................................48 2.4.3 Diversity in the Higher Education Sector ...................................................49 2.4.4 Conclusions ..............................................................................................53 2.5 Denmark ..........................................................................................................54 2.5.1 The Higher Education System ...................................................................54 2.5.2 Diversity-Related Topics in the General Context .......................................54 2.5.3 Diversity in the Higher Education Sector ...................................................58 2.5.4 Conclusions ..............................................................................................60 2.6 France .............................................................................................................62 2.6.1 The Higher Education System ...................................................................62 2.6.2 Diversity Related Topics in the General Context .......................................63 2.6.3 Diversity in the Higher Education Sector ...................................................68 2.6.4 Conclusions ..............................................................................................74 2.7 Luxembourg ....................................................................................................75 2.8 The Netherlands ..............................................................................................76 2.8.1 The Higher Education System ...................................................................76 2.8.2 Diversity-Related Topics in the General Context .......................................77 2.8.3 Diversity in the Higher Education Sector ...................................................80 Diversity in neighbouring countries of Germany | page 5 2.9 Poland .............................................................................................................84 2.9.1 The Higher Education System ...................................................................84 2.9.2 Diversity-Related Topics in the General Context .......................................84 2.9.3 Diversity in the Higher Education Sector ...................................................88 2.9.4 Conclusions ..............................................................................................93 2.10 Switzerland ......................................................................................................94 2.10.1 The Higher Education System ...................................................................94 2.10.2 Diversity-Related Topics in the General Context .......................................95 2.10.3 Diversity in the Higher Education Sector ...................................................98 2.10.4 Conclusions ............................................................................................101 3 Conclusions ........................................................................................................103 4 Links ....................................................................................................................107 4.1 European Union ............................................................................................107 4.1.1 EU Institutions .........................................................................................107 4.1.2 University Associations and non-governmental Institutions ..................... 107 4.2 Austria ...........................................................................................................108 4.2.1 Governmental Institutions ........................................................................108 4.2.2 Rectors’ Conferences ..............................................................................108 4.2.3 Non-governmental Institutions ................................................................. 108 4.3 Belgium .........................................................................................................110 4.3.1 Governmental Institutions ........................................................................110 4.3.2 Rectors’ Conferences ..............................................................................110 4.3.3 Non-governmental Institutions ................................................................. 110 4.4 Czech Republic .............................................................................................111 4.4.1 Governmental Institutions ........................................................................111 4.4.2 Rectors’ Conference ...............................................................................111 4.4.3 Non-governmental Institutions ................................................................. 111 4.5 Denmark ........................................................................................................112 4.5.1 Governmental Institutions ........................................................................112 4.5.2 Rectors’ Conference ...............................................................................112 4.5.3 Non-governmental Institutions ................................................................. 112 4.6 France ...........................................................................................................113 4.6.1 Governmental Institutions ........................................................................113 4.6.2 Rectors’ Conferences ..............................................................................113 4.6.3 Non-governmental Institutions ................................................................. 113 4.7 Luxembourg ..................................................................................................114 4.7.1 Governmental Institutions ........................................................................114 4.7.2 Non-governmental Institutions ................................................................. 114 4.8 The Netherlands ............................................................................................115 Diversity in neighbouring countries of Germany | page 6 4.8.1 Governmental Institutions ........................................................................115 4.8.2 Non-governmental Institutions ................................................................. 115 4.9 Poland ...........................................................................................................116 4.9.1 Governmental Institutions ........................................................................116 4.9.2 Rectors’ Conferences ..............................................................................116 4.9.3 Non-governmental Institutions