I J R B A T, Issue (VIII), Vol. I, Jan 2020: 161-173 e-ISSN 2347 – 517X A Double Blind Peer Reviewed Journal Original Article INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES IN BIOSCIENCES, AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY © VMS RESEARCH FOUNDATION www.ijrbat.in STUDY OF MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT TRIBES OF FAMILY ASTERACEAE WITH REFERENCE TO STEM ANATOMY P. K. Tete* and A. A. Fulzele Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science, Nagpur – 440009 (M.S.) *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Revision : 11.01.2020 & Communicated : 01.01.19 18.01.2020 Published: 30.01.2020 Accepted : 28.01.2020 ABSTRACT: Asteraceae is one of the widest family in Angiosperms having significant economic values, such as production of oil, ornamental plant, secondary metabolites, etc. In family Asteraceae about 1,535 genera distributed in 13 tribes. The current work aims at studying the differences in stem anatomy and floral characters of these tribes. In the present study sixteen species belonging to ten tribes were documented, The Heliantheae, one of the tribes’ in this family is more dominant in Nagpur region, and in the present study six genera were recorded. This was followed by two genera in Cichorieae, and one genus each in the tribes Anthemideae, Astereae, Echinopeae, Eupatorieae, Gnaphalieae, Inuleae, Mutisieae and Vernonieae. Detailed study of the arrangement of vascular bundles and type of trichomes found on the stem was studied using free hand-sections. For the floral characters, ray floret, disk floret, shape of receptacle and the type of capitulum inflorescence was studied. An attempt was made for the development of a taxonomical key based on stem anatomical features highlighting the differences in the tribes. Microphotography of the floral components and anatomical study of the stem of these plants, revealed characters which are uutilized for creating a key for various tribes based on morphology as well as anatomical characters. Key words: - Asteraceae, tribes, Heliantheae, stem anatomy, capitulum, key INTRODUCTION: under grass, and as herbaceous garden plants The family Asteraceae also called the Compositae throughout the world. About half the species of has been considered to be a unified evolutionary Asteraceae are native to the Old World and half by all botanists. This family is one of the largest to the New World. of the eudicots with over 32,000 species and at TRIBE is a taxonomic group that is least 1,900 genera in 13 subfamilies (The Plant a subdivision of a subfamily List, 2013). Members of the family Asteraceae can The Asteraceae consist of 1528 genera and be found all over the world. These plants have 22,750 species. The Asteraceae has recently been evolved many adaptations to withstand harsh classified into at least ten subfamilies and environment as well as more moderate climates. members of the family have a worldwide Many plants in the family Asteraceae are distributed. ( Ngu Wah Win, 2018) economically important as weed, ornamentals, This family includes tribes - Vernonieae, medicinal and green vegetables are poisonous Eupatorieae, Asteroideae, Inuloideae, plants. Commercially the flowers of this family Helianthoideae, Antemideae, Senecioideae, are very famous of their colorful florets. A wide Calendulaceae, Cynaroideae, Mutisiaceae, and range of horticultural species are grown in home Cichoriaceae. (Hooker, 1881) As per Cronquist garden or national garden plots. The Asteraceae (1981), in Asteraceae 13 tribes found. In best- feature extensively in gardens distributed known family of flowering plants, the Asteraceae 161 throughout the world as ornamental. A wide may be organized into 3 subfamilies: (1) the range of horticultural species is grown both Page I J R B A T, Issue (VIII), Vol. I, Jan 2020: 161-173 e-ISSN 2347 – 517X A Double Blind Peer Reviewed Journal Original Article Brandesiodieae with a single tribe, (2) the double staining technique and observed under Cichorioideae with 6 tribes, and (3) the microscope for anatomical characters. Asteroideae with 7 tribes. (Heywood et al.1978). On the basis of anatomical character bracketed Family of Asteraceae is common at temperate key prepared. region, In India, Asteraceae is dominant towards Observations and Results Himalayan regions, nearly 955 taxa are found, The works were carried out in Nagpur region were (72.67%) with about 202 taxa of which are detailed study of the arrangement of vascular endemic to the India. The chef center of diversity bundles and type of trichomes found on the stem of the Indian Asteraceae is due to conducive was studied for the following tribes given in the temperature and altitudes, habitats distributed table no. 1. & table No. 2 shows important from the cold deserts of Ladakh to forests of character identified along with anatomical north-east India. feature in front of respective names of the plant studied. The works were carried out in Nagpur region were detailed study of the arrangement of vascular RESULT & DISCUSSION bundles and type of trichomes found on the stem The works were carried out in Nagpur region were was studied by taking free hand-sections. For the detailed study of the arrangement of vascular floral characters, ray floret, disk floret, shape of bundles and type of trichomes found on the stem receptacle and the type of capitulum was studied for the following tribes given in the inflorescence was studied. An attempt was made table no. 1. & table No. 2 shows important for the development of a key based on stem character identified along with anatomical anatomical features highlighting the differences feature in front of respective names of the plant in the tribes. Microphotography of the floral studied. components and anatomical study of the stem of these plants, revealed characters which can be 3.1. KEY TO ANATOMICAL CHARECTERS OF utilized for creating a key for various tribes based TRIBES OF DIFFERENT GANERA FROM ASTERACEAE on morphology as well as anatomical characters. MATERIAL & METHODS 1. Secretary canal ........................Cosmos sulphureus Tribe The species belonging to different tribes of HELIANTHEAE Asteraceae were collected from Nagpur region. 1. Secretary canal absent Field notes were made of precise location and of ...................................................................... (2) habitat of that plants type. They were record and 2. Epidermis with Bitrunket trichomes take photographs in the field. After the collection, ………………................Vernonia cineria Tribe VERNONIEAE the vegetative and floral parts of fresh specimens 2. Epidermis with other trichomes were studied for taxonomic characters; some of …………………................................................... (3) collected specimens were dried and pressed to 3. Long blunt trichome prepared herbarium sheet. ................................Gerbera jamesonii Tribe MUTISIEAE The collected specimens were preserving for 3. Long pointed trichome further anatomical study. For anatomical study, ............................................................................ the fresh and preserve specimens were examining ......... (4) by preparing free-hand section for microscopic 4. Epidermis spiny .......................Ageratum conyzoides Tribe 162 study of stem. These sections were stained with EUPATORIEAE Page I J R B A T, Issue (VIII), Vol. I, Jan 2020: 161-173 e-ISSN 2347 – 517X A Double Blind Peer Reviewed Journal Original Article 4. Epidermis non spiny cortex…………………………....Eclipta alba ............................................................................ 6. Non Arenchymatous cortex……………………..….. ......... (5) (7) 5. Biseriate multicellular trichome 7. Secretory trichome…………………………….…… (8) ...........................Echinops echinatus Tribe 7. Non secretory trichome………………………….… (9) ECHINOPEAE 8. Small and big vascular bundle alternate………… 5. Uniseriate multicellular trichome Solidago canadensis ................................................................... (6) 8. Small and big vascular bundle alternate with 6. Secretary trichome conical ...........................................Blumea lacera Tribe V.B………………………………………………….. INULEAE Gerbera jamesonii 6. Non secretary trichome 8. Same size V. B. …………………………………. ............................................................................ Blumea lacera .... (7) 9. Pericycle hemispherical, sub rounded………… 7. Small and big vascular bundle alternate Xanthium indicum ...............................Solidago canadensis Tribe 9. Pericycle non hemispherical…………………….. ASTEREAE (10) 7. Same sized vascular bundle 10. Pericycle oval or rounded…………………….. ..................................................................... (8) Launaea procumbens 8. Pericycle oval rounded 10. Pericycle non oval or non rounded…………….. ..........................Launaea procumbens Tribe (11) CICHORIEAE 11. Long elongated tapering trichome …………….. 8. Pericycle non oval (12) ............................................................................ 11. Non elongated tapering trichome ……………… ...... (9) (13) 9. Secondary growth shown 12. Secondary growth ……………………….…….. ........................Chrysanthemum sp Tribe Chrysanthemum sp. ANTHEMIDEAE 12. Non secondary growth ………………………… 9. Many seriate vessels Synedrella nodiflora ...................Gnomophilum palustre Tribe 13. Many seriate vessels ……………………………. GNAPHALIEAE Gnomophilum palustre 3.2. KEY TO ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS 13. Big vessels ……………..……………….. DIFFENT GENERA Tridex procumbens 1. Stem cylindrical……………………………………….. (4) 1. Stem angular………………………………………..… (2) 2. Cortex with secretory canal ………………………