Volume 3, Number 6 May-June, 2008 www.PeaceOps.com JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE OPERATIONS Q&A With Afghan Airbus v. Boeing is Ambassador 20 the Wrong Debate 26 The Future of Iraq U.S. Policy z Security z Development z The International Perspective INTERNATIONAL PEACE OPERATIONS ASSOCIATION Contents. JIPOJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE OPERATIONS THE PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL PEACE OPERATIONS ASSOCIATION Founded in 2004 as the IPOA Quarterly Volume 3, Number 6 May-June 2008 ISSN 1933-8189 Publisher ................................................... Doug Brooks Editor-in-Chief ......................................... J. J. Messner Business Manager .................................... Jared Lawyer The Future of Iraq International Peace Operations Association U.S. Policy. Security. 1900 L Street, NW, Suite 320 Washington, D.C. 20036 Michael Shank Christian Lowe United States of America 9 U.S. Policy in Iraq: 15 A Surge in Confidence in Iraq’s Telephone ........................................ +1 (202) 464-0721 A Plague on Both Houses Security Situation Facsimile ......................................... +1 (202) 464-0726 E-mail .......................................... [email protected] Juliette R. Shedd Graham Kerr Web site ......................................... www.peaceops.com 10 Iraq Policy in the Post-Bush Era: 17 Security in Iraq: Clinton, McCain and Obama The Private Security Perspective PRINT EDITION SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE Development. The International Perspective. An annual subscription includes six issues. United States ................................................. US$44.95 Michael O’Hanlon Joseph Lacey-Holland Worldwide ..................................................... US$49.95 13 Don’t Forget the Economy 19 The Coalition of the Whoever is Left Please visit www.peaceops.com or contact Jared Jessica Kruvant-Wilson Lawyer at [email protected] to order. Bethelhem Moulat & S.L. Rathgeber 14 A Tough Road to Educating Iraqis 20 Uniting Behind the UN in Iraq ADVERTISING Very competitive advertising packages are available for companies wishing to reach our international audience of readers. Please contact Jared Lawyer at +1 (202) 464- Special Feature. Columnists. 0721 or [email protected] for more details. Zimbabwe’s Election Crisis. Doug Brooks 4 The Swiss Show Some Dr. Nel Marais Initiative PUBLIC SUBMISSIONS 24 Zimbabwe: Stability Under Threat Letters to the Editor must be no more than 200 Amb. Herman Cohen words, and must be accompanied by the writer’s full 25 Just When Things Couldn’t name, address, e-mail and telephone number. Only the writer’s name and city will be printed if the letter is Get Worse for Zimbabwe published. Q & A. J. J. Messner Unsolicited Articles must be the original work of 26 Airbus Versus Boeing the author and no more than 800 words. Articles must Michael Shank be accompanied by a photograph and a short biography 20 Poppy, Poverty and the Taliban: Should Not be the Debate of the author. Submissions should be e-mailed to Interview with Afghanistan Ambassador [email protected]. to the U.S., Said Tayeb Jawad Profiles. FRONT COVER PHOTOGRAPH CREDITS IPOA Member Profile Cover Graphic ................................................................ Government Affairs. 5 Overseas Lease Group Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki ..................................... Melinda Baker Peacekeeping Operation Profile 23 Military Law on Trial 30 African Union Mission in Burundi Copyright © 2007 the International Peace Operations Association (IPOA). All rights reserved. The IPOA logo and the IPOA lion image are trademarks of the International Peace Operations Association. The Journal of International Peace Operations (JIPO) and its logo are trademarks of the International Peace Operations Association. The Industry Info. opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent the opinions of IPOA, its officers, Board of Directors, members or affiliates. IPOA bears no responsibility for the editorial content; the views expressed in the articles IPOA Lion Resources for Professionals are those of the authors. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the Editor-in-Chief. 6 News from IPOA 27 Professional Development 29 Industry Conferences and Events 3 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE OPERATIONS — www.PeaceOps.com — VOLUME 3, NUMBER 6 : May-June 2008 President’s Message. D OUG BROOKS The Swiss Show Some Initiative Bringing Clarity to International Legal and Regulatory Frameworks N April I represented IPOA at one of the from the academic world, NGOs and the some believe blurs the critical legal partition final meetings of a project spearheaded industry itself. The meetings sponsored by between civilians and military. Our industry I by the International Committee of the the Initiative have been more collegial than is not military; it employs only civilians, Red Cross and Swiss Government, better contentious, and their format has allowed even the approximately 5% that are armed. known as the “Swiss Initiative.” The project delegates to work through issues in both They do not – and should not – have the is designed to “to promote respect for formal and informal settings. Analysts and same rights as combatants under international humanitarian law and human researchers are often astonished at how international law. From an international rights with regard to private military and supportive industry can be towards good legal perspective this actuality should be laws, rules and clarified rather than obfuscated by clumsy regulations; and the terminology. The U.S. Department of industry Defense uses the term ‘contingency representatives always contractor’ which we believe is a neutral and brought a foundation of accurate description of the broad collection reality to discussions of civilians hired to provide critical support that occasionally services in conflict, post-conflict and disaster strayed into whimsical relief operations. political science theory. Second, the Initiative is a golden The contacts made opportunity to reaffirm the importance and through the Swiss legality of providing humanitarian security. Initiative meetings Protecting human beings – including have been enduring refugees and internally displaced persons and invaluable to (IDPs) – should be as legitimate as IPOA’s own efforts to protecting oil facilities, warehouses and promote successful and NGOs. Unfortunately, suggestions that this ethical private sector important capability be specifically operations. mentioned in the document were The Initiative disregarded. consists of two The Swiss Initiative process should be The Swiss have provided their fair share of private security contractors over time. sections: legal complete by year end, and the final product PHOTO: THE VATICAN obligations and good will be of significant benefit for our industry. practices. While states It portends clarity on state responsibilities, security companies operating in conflict continue to negotiate a small number of the insight into applicable international law, situations.” In a series of meetings since more prickly international aspects of the standardization of contractual requirements, 2006, the Swiss have been diligently working legal recommendations, the good practices and suggests a bevy of best practices for to draft a broad document of widely accepted section has largely been finalized. Both clients and governments. This clarification international legal obligations and good bring an important level of clarity and focus and standardization will significantly assist client and state practices. Their persistence to the use of civilian contractors in the most responsible companies working in has, surprisingly, paid off. contingency operations. conflict and post-conflict environments, and From the beginning, the Swiss Initiative The results are overwhelmingly offer guidance to new firms looking to has been refreshingly inclusive with invitees constructive, but some grating issues could provide critical services in an ethical still be clarified. First, the drafters have manner. Future peace and stability Email Doug Brooks at [email protected] settled on the terminology of Private Military operations will benefit from the Swiss The author is the President of IPOA. and Security Companies (PMSCs), which prescience. verify membership status at www.ipoaonline.org/members 4 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE OPERATIONS — www.PeaceOps.com — VOLUME 3, NUMBER 6 : May-June 2008 DS CODE OF CONDUCT TRADE ASSOCIATION CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY URITY LOGISTICS HUMANITARIAN DEVELOPMENT MEDICAL SERVICES DEMINING UNITED KINGDOM UNITED ARAB EMIRATES SWEDEN SPAIN GERMANY CANADA NATO CORPORATIONS INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING NGOS UNITED NATIONS OF CONDUCT TRADE ASSOCIATION CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ETHICS HUMANITARIAN DEVELOPMENT MEDICAL SERVICES DEMINING PRIVATE SECURITY UNITED ARAB EMIRATES SWEDEN SPAIN GERMANY CANADA UNITED STATES RATIONS INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING NGOS UNITED NATIONS GOVERNMENT TRADE ASSOCIATION CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ETHICS STANDARDS AN DEVELOPMENT MEDICAL SERVICES DEMINING PRIVATE SECURITY LOGISTICS RATES SWEDEN SPAIN GERMANY CANADA UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM S INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPING NGOS UNITED NATIONS GOVERNMENT NATO N CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ETHICS STANDARDS CODE OF CONDUCT RVICES DEMINING PRIVATE SECURITY LOGISTICS HUMANITARIAN DEVELOPMENT GERMANY CANADA UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM UNITED ARAB EMIRATES L PEACEKEEPING NGOS UNITED NATIONS GOVERNMENT