MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND WATER REPUBLIC OF MALI ---------------- One people-One goal-One faith GENERAL SECRETARIAT ---------------- ----------------- Renewable Energy Agency of Mali (AER-MALI) _________________________________________________________________________________ ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) RURAL SOLAR ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT IN MALI Final report Drafted by Souleymane Dembélé PhD in Environmental science December 2018 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................ 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 8 I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 13 1.1. Background to the study ............................................................................................ 13 1.2. Objective of the Environmental and Social Management Framework ...................... 13 1.3. Methodology .............................................................................................................. 14 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................... 15 2.1. Project objectives .......................................................................................................... 15 2.2. Specific objectives ......................................................................................................... 15 2.3. Description of the project components .......................................................................... 15 III. BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK ................................. 17 3.1. Major biophysical features ........................................................................................ 17 Climatic features .................................................................................................... 17 3.2. Special features of the project intervention regions .................................................. 19 a. Kayes region .......................................................................................................... 19 i. Biophysical presentation ........................................................................................ 19 b. Koulikoro region ........................................................................................................... 20 i. Biophysical presentation ........................................................................................ 20 c. Region of Segou ........................................................................................................... 22 f. Timbuktu Region ......................................................................................................... 28 3.3 General socio-economic characteristics ................................................................ 29 3.8 Economic characteristics of the Segou region ....................................................... 33 IV. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL POLICY FRAMEWORK APPLICABLE TO THE PROJECT ...................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.2. Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Programme (GPRSP) ............................ 36 4.1.3. The National Environmental Protection Policy (NEPP) ...................................... 37 4.1.4. National Strategy for the Use and Conservation of Biodiversity ........................... 37 4.1.5. Mali's National Policy on Climate Change ............................................................ 38 4.1.6. National Programme of Action for Adaptation to Adverse Effects of Climate Change (NAPA) ................................................................................................................ 38 4.1.7. National Health Policy ........................................................................................... 39 4.1.8. National Forest Policy ........................................................................................... 39 4.2. Other sector policies related to the PROJECT .............................................................. 39 4.2.1. Decentralization and Land-use Planning Policy ............................................... 39 4.2.2. National Energy Policy .......................................................................................... 40 4.2.3. National household Energy Strategy (SED) ........................................................... 40 4.2.4. National Biofuel Development Strategy ................................................................. 40 4.3. Environmental and Social Legal Framework ................................................................ 41 4.3.1. National Legal Framework ................................................................................... 41 4.3.2. International Legal Framework ............................................................................. 47 4.4 Protection policies of West African Development Bank ........................................... 48 4.5. Performance standards adopted by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) .................... 49 4.6. Comparison between national policies and those of the main donors of the project .... 52 4.7. Institutional framework for environmental and social management of the PROJECT . 52 4.7.1 Ministry of Environment, Sanitation and Sustainable Development ...................... 52 4.7.2. The Ministry of Country Planning and Population ............................................. 53 4.5.3. Ministry of Energy and Water ................................................................................ 54 4.5.4. NGOs and Community Associations ...................................................................... 55 4.5.5. Private Operators ................................................................................................... 55 V. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................... 56 5.1. Environmental and social categorization of the project .......................................... 56 5.2. Environmental and social impacts of the Project ......................................................... 56 Negative impacts related to planning and construction ....................................................... 58 5.3. Mitigating measures ..................................................................................................... 60 VI. PROJECT ANALYSIS AND SELECTION PROCESS ............................................. 65 6.1. Categorization of PROJECT sub-components .......................................................... 65 VII. PROJECT activity selection process ......................................................................... 65 7.1. The environmental selection process ..................................................................... 65 7.2. Responsibilities for implementation of the selection process .................................... 68 VIII. MECHANISM FOR COMPLAINT MANAGEMENT AND GRIEVANCE SETTLEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 70 8.3. Identification, assistance and arrangements for vulnerable groups .......................... 76 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................ 77 9.1. Assessment of the environmental management capacities of stakeholders .............. 77 9.2. Recommendations for Environmental Management of the PROJECT ..................... 78 9.2.1. Institutional capacity building measures ............................................................... 80 9.2.2. Assessment and Manual of Environmental and Social Management of Equipment 80 9.2.3. Provision for Monitoring-Evaluation of PROJECT Activities ........................... 81 9.2.4. Training of actors involved in the Project implementation ................................. 81 Awareness and outreach programmes at regional and local levels ................................ 83 X. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................................ 85 10.1. Objectives ................................................................................................................... 85 10.2. The scope of activities, target actors and methodology .............................................. 85 10.3. The points discussed .................................................................................................... 85 10.4. Summary of results of public consultations ............................................................... 85 X. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PROGRAMME .................. 89 10.1. Environmental and Social Monitoring and Surveillance ............................................ 89 10.2. Evaluation .................................................................................................................... 89 10.3. Monitoring indicators .................................................................................................. 89 XI. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING ..................................................................... 91 11.1. Environmental and social function .............................................................................. 91 11.2. Institutional Arrangements .........................................................................................