Global Survey for Comprehensive Measurement of Energy Access Using Multi-tier Approaches WHAT is Multi-tier Measurement? Definition Of Energy Access - Current vs New CURRENT DEFINITION ‘Having electricity or not having electricity’ ‘Cooking with non-solid fuels or cooking with solid fuels’ NEW DEFINITION Access to energy is the ability to avail energy that is Adequate, Available when needed, Reliable, of good Quality, Convenient, Affordable, Legal, Healthy & Safe, for all required energy services across Household, Productive and Community uses 2 2/19/2014 Why the new definition of Energy Access? Shortfalls of Binary Approaches Remedies using Multi-tier Framework • Equal weightage to all sources of • Technology neutral approach electricity – grid and off-grid • Weighted assimilation of various • Quality of supply issues not reflected supply solutions based on attributes • Energy for productive and community • Quality of supply issues are reflected uses not reflected • Energy for productive and community • Illegal connections not reflected uses also reflected • No weightage for use of improved • Improved cook-stoves can be reflected cook-stoves • Fuel/cook-stove stacking is properly • Fuel / cook-stove stacking not reflected reflected • Linkages established with socio- • Linkages with socio-economic economic development through use of development not evident energy • No insights about ways of augmenting • Gap analysis provides insights about energy access ways of augmenting energy access • Only select interventions are related to • Most energy sector interventions can expansion of energy access be linked to expansion of access • Country-wise targets difficult to define • Countries can set own targets Access To Household Electricity Supply Tier-0 Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-3 Tier-4 Tier-5 V. Low Power Low Power Medium Power High Power 1. Peak Power No Min 1 W Min 50 W Min 200 W Min 2 kW capacity Electricity Daily capacity Min 4 Wh Min 200 Wh Min 1.6 KWh Min 4 KWh Hours per day < 4 hrs Min 4 hrs Min 8 hrs Min 16 hrs Min 23 hrs 2. Duration Hours per evening < 2 hrs Min 2 hrs Min 2 hrs Min 4 hrs Min 4 hrs Max 3 Max 7 Max 3 disruptions disruptions disruptions per day per week per week 3. Reliability of total duration < 2 hours Attributes Voltage problems do not prevent the use of 4. Quality desired appliances Cost of a standard consumption package of 365 kWh per 5. Affordability annum is less than 10% of household income Bill is paid to the utility / pre-paid card 6. Legality seller / authorized representative Absence of past accidents and perception 7. Health and Safety of high risk in the future Tier-rating for the household is calculated by applying the lowest of the tier-ratings across all attributes. Index of Access to Electricity = ∑(Pi x K) th Pi = Proportion of households at the k tier K = Tier number {0,1,2,3,4,5} The Index can be aggregated across geographies. 4 It can be compared across geographies and over time Access To Household Cooking Solutions Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 3 1. PM2.5 (µg/m ) < 400 (???) < 275 (???) < 125 (???) < 35 < 10 Health CO (mg/m3) < 70 (???) < 50 (???) < 20 (???) < 7 < 7 (Indoor Or, Primary Three-stone Tested primary Tested Tested Tested primary Tested Air Cookstove fire, home- solution that is primary primary solution that is primary Quality Performance made stove, visually identifiable solution that solution that visually solution that is in Mud/earthen for meeting Agreed is visually is visually identifiable for visually Kitchen) ring Cookstove identifiable identifiable meeting Agreed identifiable for Performance for meeting for meeting Cookstove meeting Standard Agreed Agreed Performance Agreed corresponding to IAQ Cookstove Cookstove Standard Cookstove Level-1 Performance Performanc corresponding Performance OR Standard e Standard to IAQ Level-4 Standard Potentially improved correspondin correspondi OR Biogas, corresponding cookstoves that are g to IAQ ng to IAQ LPG, Natural to IAQ Level-5 either untested or Level-2 Level-3 Gas, Ethanol OR cannot be visually used. Electric, identified Solar Stove AND, For both tested and untested primary stoves, any inferior Only BLEENS secondary solutions used for less than 20% of the time. Else shift one used. Level below. 5 Access To Household Cooking Solutions Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 2. Convenience • Fuel Collection (hrs/wk) <10.5 <3.5 <1.5 <0.5 • Stove Prepn (min/meal) <15 <10 <10 <5 3. Safety IWA Safety IWA Tier-1 IWA Tier-2 IWA Tier-3 IWA Tier-4 of Primary Tiers Solution Or, Past No accidents in last one year that Accidents required professional medical attention 4. Efficiency of Primary IWA Efficiency IWA IWA IWA Efficiency Solution Tier-1 Efficiency Efficiency Tier-4 Tier-2 Tier-3 5. Affordability Levelized cost of cooking solutions <10% of HH Income 6. Quality of Primary Fuel No major affect of fuel quality on ease of cooking 7. Availability of Primary Primary Primary Fuel is readily available Fuel Fuel throughout the year available for 75% time Tier-rating for the household is calculated by applying the lowest of the tier-ratings across all attributes. 6 Access To Energy For Productive Uses Tier-0 Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-3 Tier-4 Tier-5 1. Capacity Electricity (Watts) <1W 1-50W 50-200W 200W-2kW 2-10kW >10kW (Wh) <2Wh 2-200Wh 200-1.2kWh >1.2kWh - - RM&T (% of <25% 25%-75% 75%-100% 100% needs) 2. Duration (% of needs) <25% 25%-50% 50%-75% 75%-100% 100%+ 3. Reliability Reliability issues with No issue or Reliability issues with severe impact moderate impact no impact 4. Quality Quality issues with No issue or Quality issues with severe impact moderate impact no impact Attributes5. Affordability > 2 times grid tariff ≤ 2 times grid tariff ≤ grid tariff 6. Legality /Formality No Yes 7. Convenience No Yes 8. Health & Safety Non-BLEN without smoke Non-BLEN with smoke BLEN solutions extraction extraction or outside use Not likely to cause Likely to cause severe Likely to cause moderate significant damage/injury health damage/injury damage/injury Tier-rating for the productive use is calculated by calculating Tier-ratings for all relevant applications and applying the lowest. 7 2/19/2014 Access To Energy For Community Uses Health Facilities; Education Facilities; Public & Community Buildings Tier-0 Tier-1 Tier-2 Tier-3 Tier-4 Tier-5 1. Capacity Very Low Medium Electricity No Electricity Low Power High Power Power Power Capacity Heating No heating Capacity partially covers Capacity largely covers needs totally (if needed) (0%) needs (1%-49%) (50%-99%) covers needs 2. Duration Electricity No electricity/ Less than ¼ of Less than ½ More than ½ More than ¾ All the time Heating heating the time of the time of the time of the time (100%) (if needed) (0%) (1-24%) (25%-49%) (50%-74%) (75%-99%) 3. Reliability Electricity No significant unscheduled Significant unscheduled interruptions Heating interruptions Attributes (if needed) 4. Quality Electricity Heating Quality is not satisfactory Quality is satisfactory (if needed) 5. Health & Safety Electricity Heating Health & Safety is not satisfactory Health & Safety is satisfactory (if needed) Tier-rating for the household’s access to energy at each community institution is calculated by applying the lowest of the tier-ratings across all attributes. 8 How Is Energy Access Measured – Index of Energy Access Index of Access to Energy 30% = ∑(Pi x K) 20% 20% 10% 10% 10% th Pi = Proportion of households at the k tier K = Tier number {0,1,2,3,4,5} 0 2 1 3 4 5 Can be aggregated across geographies - village, district, province, country, region or the whole world. Can be tracked over time. 2.2 9 2/19/2014 How Is Energy Access Measured – Indices By Dimensions Of Energy Use Overall Access to Energy: Index of Access to Access to Energy Access to Energy Energy in for Community for Households: Productive Institutions: Enterprises Index of household Index of Access to Access to Energy in Health Index of Access to Electricity: Clinics Energy for Farmers Index of Household Index of Access to Index of Access to Access to Cooking Energy in Schools Energy for Small Solutions Shop Owners Index of Access to Index of Access to Energy in Local Energy for micro Space Heating Govt. Offices and small enterprises Index of Access to Energy in Index of Access to Community Halls Energy for medium enterprises Index of Access to Energy for Street Lighting 10 HOW do energy interventions enhance access? How Energy Interventions Influence Energy Access - All Energy Interventions Can Improve Energy Access Peak Grid Duration Evening Quality Reliability Project Type Legality Capacity Affordability Connections (Hrs) Supply (Voltage) (Outages) (W) Grid Electrification Mini-Grid Electrification Off-Grid & Typical Energy Energy Typical Access Projects Access Solar Lanterns Generation & X-Border T/M Transmission & Distribution Rural Feeder Segregation Energy Efficiency Other Energy Projects Energy Other Regulations & Market Reform Positive Impact on Energy Access Questionnaire: Contains core questions for the tier calculation related to: 1. Electricity: => capacity, quality, duration, reliability, affordability, legality 2. Electricity services => usage of electricity appliances 3. Lighting => no electricity sources and details on solar applications (SHS, Solar lantern…) 4. Cooking solutions => room ventilation, primary stove and fuel, secondary stove an fuel, convenience, capacity, affordability, availability 5. Productive use of energy=> capacity, quality, duration, reliability, affordability, legality 6. Community use of energy=> capacity, quality, duration, reliability, affordability,