ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN PORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Biju Ninan Oommen Ports & Maritime Transport The World Bank Agenda • Current Scenario • Emerging Trends • Port Infra Developments • Role for MDB’s 1 International Seaborne Trade (million tonnes): 2015 Source: UNCTAD 10 2 3 Source: Drewry, IMF, World Bank analysis & estimates Port Capacity (2015) vs Utilization (1H 2016) Source: Alphaliner 10 4 Investments in Port Infrastructure Development: 1990-2015 Total Investment 1990 - 2015 No: of Ports (Billion USD) Total Port Projects 442 $79.08 5 ppi.worldbank.org Ongoing Container Port Infrastructure developments in Asia • Mega ports • Singapore – (PPT 3 & 4) • Malaysia – Pelepas, Westports, Northport • China - Port of Ningbo-Zhoushan • Korea – Busan • Regional Gateway ports • Indonesia ( Jakarta/Surabaya) • Bangladesh (NCT 3&4) • India (Nhava Sheva – 4th terminal) 6 Need for Port Infrastructure development in emerging economies . Chronic port congestion . Slow turnaround of vessels . Over reliance on poorly maintained and congested roads / rail networks . Poor connectivity to demand areas . Shipments are to be trans-shipped through gateway ports in other countries 7 Ports & Waterborne Transport Quality of Port Infrastructure Index & Global Competitiveness Rankings 2015 [2014] Country Port Infra Quality Index Overall Ranking Singapore 6.7 2 [2] Malaysia 5.4 18 [20] Korea, Rep. 5.2 26 [26] China 4.6 28 [28] Thailand 4.2 32 [31] Indonesia 3.9 37 [34] Sri Lanka 4.3 68 [73] Vietnam 3.8 56 [68] India 4.5 55 [71] Philippines 3.2 47 [52] LaoPDR 2.0 83 [93] Bangladesh 3.5 107 [109] Pakistan 3.7 126 [129] Myanmar 2.6 131 [134] Total No Countries 140 [144] Source: World Economic Forum Statistics (Min 1.37 extremely underdeveloped, Max 6.77 extensive & efficient) 12 8 Significant Infrastructure Gap • USD 8 trillion of investment in Asia 2010 – 2020 (Source: ADB) Asia's Infrastructure Investment Needs by Sector 2010 - 2020 (USD Trillion) 0.40 2.40 Energy 4.10 Telecommunications Transport Water & Sanitation Source: ADB1.10 • USD 20 trillion up to 2030 (Global Infrastructure Initiative, G20) 10 9 Emerging Trends • Mega vessel deployments • Trading Patterns • Multiple modal connectivity • E-commerce, market fragmentation 10 The ultra large container vessel (ULCV) MSC Oscar which loads 19,200 containers is deployed on the East-West routes, between the ports in the Far East & North Europe region. The larger capacity vessels enabled ship operators to reduce the operating costs substantially, with the ULCV’s providing almost 50% fuel efficiency gains over the 5,000 teu post panamax vessels deployed on the Europe routes in the 1990s. 11 Source: Maersk/MSC Limited port calls by mega ships, larger infra req at mega ports 12 Source: Maersk, CMA-CGM Ports serving Ultra Large Container Vessels Major transshipment hub ports for Mega shipping alliance 2M (Maersk & MSC) • Asia: China/Ningbo & Yantian; Malaysia/Tanjung Pelepas • Europe: Netherland/Rotterdam, Germany/Bremerhaven, UK/Felixstowe & France/Le Havre 13 Source: Liner schedule analysis Mega port connectivity: Key to harnessing scale economies Major transshipment port calls on 2M services between Asia-Europe • Ningbo – connects Japan/Osaka, Kobe, Nagoya, Tokyo • Tanjung Pelepas – connects South East Asia & Bay of Bengal ports • Rotterdam – gateway to the EU 14 Maersk/MSC schedule analysis Port Infra for Connectivity at Mega ports • Large investments in shore side infra – STS/yard cranes, prime movers • Reliable short sea feeder network to regional feeder ports - SIN/Malaysia connected with number of ports in SE Asia & South Asia • Coastal Shipping network (feeding the hub) – INDIA/Nhava Sheva • Inland Water Transport network – CHINA/Shanghai & Ningbo • Multimodal connectivity to hinterland - waterways, rail and road network – EU/Rotterdam-Duisberg • ICT & port systems to deliver integrated services - processing flows from multiple corridors for larger transactions – SIN 15 Presentation Title Boosting Trade through development of Regional Gateway ports Gateway ports: primary role - maximize cargo generation thru connectivity to local, hinterland, far-inland, cross-border markets • Larger port capacity to handle bigger vessels deployed due to cascade effect • Inland ports – extended gates • Inland Water Transport network • Multimodal - waterways, rail and road network • Coastal Shipping network • ICT: National platform – logistics, freight transport, PCS 16 Presentation Title 17 Source: Drewry, Alphaliner, World Bank analysis Reading the signs… • Falling volumes after the surge in 2015 • Migration of volumes to new production centers & gateway ports 18 The trends indicate… Need to boost Regional & Inland Port Connectivity • Infrastructure facilities at regional gateway ports • Coastal Shipping network - feeder / inland ports • Inland Water Transport – River port development • Multimodal connectivity: waterways & railways with road networks 19 The World Bank: Ports & Waterborne Transport sector • Infrastructure Development • National water ways – India / Bangladesh • Extended gates – India (Kolkata) • River Terminals – China: Yichang (Hubei) • Multimodal connectivity to hinterland • Rail : Dedicated Freight corridor – India/DFC, India/EDFC • Waterways: China, Vietnam, India/NW1 & 2 • Roads: Cambodia-Vietnam • ICT & port systems to deliver integrated services - processing flows from multiple corridors for larger transactions 20 River ports on Yangtze: Yichang – Three Gorges Port Centre 21 IBRD/IDA: Major Projects Pakistan: Karachi Port • US$115.8 Million approved in 2010 • Objective: Replace the lost port capacity and reduce shipping costs to the Pakistan economy through the reconstruction of the failed berths (15-17A) / increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of port operations as well as enhancing environmental sustainability. 22 IBRD/IDA: Pipeline Projects Bangladesh Regional Waterway Transport Project 1 Project Background • Improve the navigability and year-round safe transport for passengers and cargo along Bangladesh’s busiest waterways • Build the capacity of the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority to ensure modern and efficient management. • Enhance navigation on 900 km of inland waterways along the Chittagong-Dhaka-Ashuganj Corridor and connecting routes. at an estimated cost of USD 400 million Project Components • Build one new general cargo terminal at Pangaon and improve the existing cargo terminal at Ashuganj. • Project will construct 14 landing Ghats/stations in Chars (shoals), where often waterways are the only mode of transportation. • Build new and rehabilitate existing passenger terminals at Sadarghat, Narayanganj, Chandpur, and Barisal. 23 Project Types • Project types include: • Providing Advisory to Governments in Emerging Economies: • Eg Study of trade flows/ infrastructure/ processes/ recommendations for improvement Consultancy • Providing Financing/ Developing Projects for Logistics Infrastructure: • Eg Air, Land, Sea transport corridors, information systems, customs facilitation systems Goods & Services • Providing Capacity Building to Governments: • Eg Planning, Development, Management & Operation of Transport/ Logistics Infrastructure/ Processes Training/ Consultancy Private Participation in Infrastructure: 1990-2015 Total Investment (Billion 1990-2015 No: of Ports USD) Total Port Projects 442 $79.08 PPP projects 406 $74.57 MDB Supported 56 $12.84 Green Field 193 $44.58 25 ppi.worldbank.org Private participation in Port Infrastructure Development Investment Capacity Contract period & Debt Funding Project Sponsors Type of PPI (Million USD) Type method (Million USD) PSA Panama 2 Million 20 years, Direct International Terminal $400.00 PSA Corp (100% / ..) Greenfield: BOT $150.00 TEUS Negotiation - Phase 2 Brownfield: Build Chabahar port 250,000 $235.00 India Ports Global Rehabilitate, 10 years $150.00 development TEUS Operate & Transfer Bharat Mumbai Brownfield: Build 4.8 Million 30 years, Competitive Container Terminals $765.10 PSA Corp (100% / Singapore) Rehabilitate, $497.30 TEUS bidding Private Limited Operate & Transfer Brownfield: Build 6 Million Matarani Port $335.00 Grupo Romero (100% / Mexico) Rehabilitate, 30 years $280.00 TEUS Operate & Transfer Karanja Terminal and Skil Ports & Logistics Limited (100% / 30 years, Direct Logistics Private $160.80 Lighterage Greenfield: BOT $78.70 India) Negotiation 26Limited Private participation in Port Infra Development with MDB loans Capacity Contract period & MDB Loan (Debt Project Investment Sponsors Type of PPI Type method Funding) Brownfield: Build Kingston Freeport China Merchant Holdings (International) 3.2 Million 30 years, Competitive $437 M Rehabilitate, $175 M Terminal Limited Co Ltd (49% / ..), CMA-CGM (51% / ..) TEUS bidding Operate & Transfer Manzanillo TEC II International Container Terminal 1.4 Million $345 M Greenfield: BOT 34 years $260 M (Phase II) Services Inc. (ICTSI) (100% / ..) TEUS Tuxpan Container Stevedoring Services of America (SSA) 0.9 Million 20 years, Competitive $370 M Greenfield: BOT $75 M Terminal, Veracruz Inc. (71% / United States) TEUS bidding Puerto Quetzal Terminal de Contenidores de Barcelona 0.34 Million 25 years, Competitive $120 M Greenfield: BLT $35 M Container Terminal (100% / Spain) TEUS bidding 70,000 Channel dredging & Port Lafito $57 M Gilbert Bigio Group (100% / Haiti) Greenfield: BOO $15 M TEUS Terminal 27 Presentation Title But We Are Not Just a Bank… UPSTREAM Infra Data & Trend Knowledge Analysis Capacity building for PPP Units and Regulators Regulatory