THE CHICO HISTORIAN Volume XXIV 2014 Oppression, Resistance, and the Formation of Identity The Chico Historian History Department California State University, Chico 400 West First Street Trinity Hall Room 223 Chico, California, 95929-0735 (530) 898-5366 The Chico Historian is an annual publication of the Alpha Delta Omicron Chapter of the Phi Alpha Theta National History Honor Society and the California State University, Chico (CSUC) Department of History. It aims to provide students the opportunity to publish historical works, and to train editorial staff members in producing an academic journal. Issues are published at the end of each academic year. All opinions or statements of fact are the sole responsibility of the authors, and may not reflect the views of the editorial staff. The authors retain rights to individual essays. Phi Alpha Theta states their mission is to promote the study of history through the encouragement of research, good teaching, publication, and the exchange of learning and ideas among historians. The organization seeks to bring students, teachers, and writers of history together for intellectual and social exchanges, which promote and assist historical research and publication by our members in a variety of ways. Copyright © 2014 Alpha Delta Omicron, California State University, Chico. The Chico Historian We dedicate this volume to Claudia Beaty Claudia has been the Administrative Support Coordinator for the Department of History since 1995. It is with a mixture of sadness and warmth that we say our fond farewells to Claudia as she begins this new chapter in her life. She has been an integral part of our department, facilitating the effective administration of daily activities both large and small. She is a dear friend to faculty members and students alike, and a strong advocate for the success of all those seeking higher learning. We wish Claudia the very best in her future endeavors, and we thank her for the many years of indispensable hard work and enthusiastic support. The Chico Historian The Chico Historian Volume 24: 2014 The Annual Publication of the Alpha Delta Omicron Chapter of Phi Alpha Theta and the Department of History California State University, Chico Editor Joshua Bergeron Editorial Board Sean T. Painter Daniel R. Thompson Matthew Salisbury Kylie Tomlin Advising Faculty Dr. Stephen E. Lewis, The Chico Historian & Phi Alpha Theta Dr. Najm al-Din Yousefi, Phi Alpha Theta The Chico Historian Contents Acknowledgments vi Editor and Contributor Biographies viii Introduction xi Articles *denotes paper presented by the author at the 2014 Phi Alpha Theta Northern California Regional Conference *Monstrous Opinions: Muggletonians and the Question of Dissent in Restoration London |Winner of 1st Place for Undergraduate Papers| RODNEY THOMSON 2 *Intimate Degradations: The Exploitation of Slave Women in the Antebellum South EMMA FOLTA 18 Gendered Captivity: The Plight of Male and Female Slaves in Contrast KYLIE TOMLIN 30 *Custer Died for Our Entertainment: The Battle of the Little Bighorn in Film |Winner of 2nd Place for Graduate Papers| SEAN T. PAINTER 44 *Indigenismo in Latin America: Overlooking the Root of the Problem BROOKE SILVERIA 70 Moral Rationalization versus Military Expediency: The Decision to Target Dresden KENNETH KNIRCK 84 iv The Chico Historian *U.S. Domestic Politics and the Zionist-Israel Lobby: Truman and the Recognition of Israel TYLER O’CONNELL 96 *“The Greatest Discovery of My Generation”: The Disability Rights Movement in 1960s America |Winner of 2nd Place for Undergraduate Papers| MICHELLE L. ERSTAD 108 The Gay Marriage Ignominy: The Passage of California’s Proposition 8 and the Influence of Mass Media DANIEL R. THOMPSON 126 Subaltern Studies: Relationships Between the Colonizer and the Colonized, and Perceptions of the Orient MATTHEW SALISBURY 140 Periodizing Postmodernism: The Return of History in Late Capitalism JOSHUA BERGERON 158 Appendix Phi Alpha Theta 2014 Initiates 183 v The Chico Historian Acknowledgements With sincere excitement and undeniable gratitude, I present the twenty- fourth edition of The Chico Historian. The product that follows represents the tireless, collaborative labor of several students, faculty, and staff members. Measuring their contributions is surely a Sisyphean task, and one can only hope that acknowledging them will suffice. Firstly, I would like to thank the rest of the editorial board, Sean T. Painter, Matthew Salisbury, Daniel R. Thompson, and Kylie Tomlin. The trials and tribulations particular to leading this project were like none I had encountered as a junior member of the editing team in previous years. I could not have overcome them without the sage advice of our prior editor-in-chief Sean Painter and the novel contributions of our new board members. Without their collective efforts, observations, criticisms, reassurances, and color commentary, this volume would never have come together as planned. I also extend my great appreciation to my family and close friends for urging me to take risks and lending me support in times of great stress and anxiety during the production of this volume. Particular gratitude goes to my life-partner Jesenia Chavez, for providing her valuable insight, tireless support, and extra set of eyes and ears throughout the editing process. Special recognition is due to all of the students who responded to our call for articles with submissions of their own work for our review. We received an excellent collection of graduate and undergraduate papers on a diverse set of topics within the purview of historical inquiry. The selection process proved both incredibly difficult and rewarding. We appreciate every submission, and we sincerely encourage all those not accepted in this edition to review our suggested edits and resubmit their papers to next year’s editorial board. As always, the CSU, Chico faculty and staff was instrumental to our success. I would like to thank all of the professors in the History Department for encouraging the investigation of new topics, challenging their students to write great papers, and reviewing student essays long vi The Chico Historian before they find their way into our hands. Special thanks are in order for our Department Chair, Dr. Laird Easton, who secured funding for this volume of The Chico Historian and provided valuable suggestions. This project certainly would not have been possible without the advice and guidance of the publication’s faculty advisor, Dr. Stephen Lewis, who monitored our progress from beginning to end and gave critical insights whenever there was need. Further thanks also go to the activities of Phi Alpha Theta and the History Club, as well as their faculty co-advisor Dr. Najm al-Din Yousefi, who made some exciting suggestions about the future direction of this publication. The editorial board would also like to extend a warm welcome to two new additions to the Department of History: our incoming Professor of Ancient and Classical History, Dr. Dallas DeForest, and our new Administrative Support Coordinator, Heather Kilcoyne. We are very pleased to welcome you into our department, and we look forward to collaborating with you in our future academic endeavors. Joshua Bergeron Editor vii The Chico Historian Editor and Contributor Biographies Editors Joshua Bergeron is a graduate student at California State University, Chico. His primary interests lie in labor history, social theory, and the intersections of race, class, and gender. Josh graduated Summa Cum Laude with a Bachelor of Arts in History from Chico State in May 2013. He is a member of Phi Alpha Theta, Phi Kappa Phi, and Golden Key International Honor Society. Prior to serving as Chief Editor, Josh previously served on the Editorial Board of The Chico Historian in 2012 and 2013. Josh plans to pursue a doctorate at the University of Illinois at Chicago in the History of Work, Race, and Gender in the Urban World, and wants to teach at the university level. His paper was written for Dr. Laird Easton’s History 690 (Historiography) in Fall 2013. Sean T. Painter is a graduate student at California State University, Chico pursuing a Master of Arts in History. His primary interests lie in British history, Roman history, and the history of the American West. His non- academic interests include Star Trek, baseball, and his Scottish Terrier, Wally. Sean earned his Bachelor of Arts in Social Science from San Diego State in 2000, and then served in the United States Navy. He is a member of both Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Alpha Theta. Sean plans to teach history at the high school level following graduation. He previously served on the Editorial Board of The Chico Historian in 2010, and again in 2013 as the Chief Editor. His paper was written for Dr. Lisa Emmerich’s History 630 (Graduate Seminar on United States History) in Spring 2009 and was revised and updated in Spring 2014. Matthew Salisbury is a graduate student in history at California State University, Chico. His interests lie in Ancient History, Renaissance Europe, handlebar mustaches, and Hawaiian hibiscus shirts. He earned his Bachelor of Arts in History from San Diego State University in 2011. In his spare time, Matt enjoys disc golfing, eating sweet potato fries, and combing his mustache. Upon graduating, Matt intends to teach at the community college level or in high school. His paper was written for Dr. Laird Easton’s History 690 (Historiography) in Fall 2013. Daniel R. Thompson is a graduate student at California State University, Chico pursuing a Master of Arts in History. He earned his Bachelor of Arts viii The Chico Historian in Political Science in 2009 (graduating with highest distinction) and his Master of Arts in Political Science in 2014, both from CSU, Chico. His research interests lie in American Political History, Latin American History, Constitutional Law, American Government, International Relations, and Political Methodology. He is a member of both Pi Sigma Alpha and Phi Alpha Theta.