Mechthild Roth / Ralph Nobis / Valentin Stetsiuk / Ivan Kruhlov (Eds) Transformation processes in the Western Ukraine Concepts for a sustainable land use Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. ISBN ©Weißensee Verlag, Berlin 2008 Kreuzbergstraße 30, 10965 Berlin Tel. 030/91207-100 www.weissensee-verlag.de [email protected] Photos: S., Fig. : Helmut Brückner; S., Fig. : Lydia Tasenkevych; S., Fig. : Valentin Stetsyuk; S., Fig. : Olena Krushynska; S., Fig.: Olena Krushynska; all others: Dick J. C. Klees, www.studiowolverine.com All rights reserved Printed in Germany Editors: Prof. Dr.Mechthild Roth, Dipl.-Landschaftsökologe Ralph Nobis, Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Dr.Ivan Kruhlov, Ivan-Franko National University Lviv (Ukraine), Chair of Physical Geography; Valentin Stetsyuk, Tovarystvo Lewa, Lviv, (Ukraine) This book is based on the results of a project with the project number , founded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and run under the patronage of UNESCO. The authors are responsible for the content of this publication. Contents List of Authors ................................................................................... 7 Preface ......................................................................................... 13 Introduction The “Dnister Project” – Targets and Characteristics of the Investigation Area ........................... 17 M.Roth, J.Tsaryk, I.Kruhlov and R.Nobis Transformation Processes in Eastern Europe Transformation Processes in Middle Eastern and Eastern European Countries. Experiences, Comparisons and their Effects on Rural Areas ...................................................... 25 R.Nobis Special Problems of Transformation in the Ukraine ................................................. 31 Y.Stadnytskyi and R.Nobis Political Development and Current Problems in Ukraine............................................. 43 J.Durkot Alterations in European Landscapes Forest Landscapes in Europe...................................................................... 51 N.Weber Agricultural Dominated Landscapes ............................................................... 61 U.Riecken and G.Kaule Changes in European River Landscapes ............................................................ 67 R.Nobis The Upper Dnister Basin: Development and Present State of Landscape and Land Use Systems Geologic and Geomorphologic Overview of the Upper Dnister Basin .................................. 75 M.Huhmann and H.Brückner Natural Geoecosystems of the Upper Dnister Basin .................................................. 81 I.Kruhlov, B.Mukha and B.Senchyna Topoclimate of the Upper Dnister Basin: Consequences for Crop Cultivation ........................... 99 B.Mukha Late Pleistocene and Holocene Landscape Evolution of the Upper Dnister Valley ....................... 105 M.Huhmann and H.Brückner The Hydrologic Regime of the Upper Dnister Basin ................................................. 113 I.Kovalchuk and A.Mykhnovych Current Problems of Water Management in the Upper Dnister Basin ................................. 125 I.Kovalchuk, A.Mykhnovych, J.Quast, J.Steidl and V.Ehlert Utilisation and Over-exploitation of Fish Resources in Selected Areas of the Upper Dnister Basin ........ 137 V.Lesnik and E.Korte Land Use History ............................................................................... 145 V.Stetsyuk Current Land Use Structure of the Upper Dnister Basin and Recent Changes in the Model Communities ...................................................................... 155 R.Ressl, W.Endlicher, S.Lehmann, B.Baruth, B.Bosch and G.Rosenthal Effects of Transformation Processes in Crop Cultivation ............................................ 171 P.Kazmir, M.Drozdyak†, M.Kit and L.Kazmir Recommendations for the Development of Animal Husbandry and Pasture Management in the Model Community Verkhniy Luzhok: Economical and Socioeconomical Aspects ................. 181 O.Bitter, M.Bomba, Y.Tsaryk, L.Buhryn and B.Bulka Soil Erosion: Possibilities for Soil Protection....................................................... 191 M.Huhmann, M.Kit, H.Brückner, S.Poznyak and I.Shpakivska Chemical Pollution and Environmental Standards ................................................. 207 W. Kuhr t The State of Forests from a Vegetational and Silvicultural Point of View and their Evaluation with Regard to Nature Conservation .............................................................. 223 P.A.Schmidt, P.T.Yashchenko, T.Glaser, M.V.Cherniavskyi and Y.V.Henyk Species and Functional Diversity of Soil-dwelling Invertebrates in Forest Ecosystems of the Upper Dnister Basin – Evaluation of Anthropogenic Effects.................................... 235 M.Roth, M.Kozlowsky, V.Rizun, N.Bräsicke Assessment of the Current Status of Forests in the Upper Dnister Basin as a Base for the Development of Concepts for a Multifunctional Forestry ........................................................ 251 A.W.Bitter and B.Koffinke Evaluation of the Nature Conservation Values of Habitat Types in the Cultural Landscape of the Upper Dnister Basin – Grasslands .......................................................... 263 G.Rosenthal and L.Tasenkevych Transformation processes in the Western Ukraine – Concepts for a sustainable land use Evaluation of the Nature Conservation Values of Habitat Types in the Cultural Landscape of the Upper Dnister Basin – Ecotones ............................................................ 277 R.Nobis, U.Riecken, A.Donning and M.Roth Grazing Effects on the Nature Conservation Value of Pastures in the Carpathians ...................... 291 J.Tsaryk, V.Kyyak, I.Horban, I.Tsaryk and O.Reshetylo The Effects of Anthropogenic Changes on Breeding Birds and Amphibians in the Upper Dnister Basin ... 297 I.Horban, A.Bokotey, L.Horban and M.Roth Protected Areas and an Action Plan for Nature Conservation in the Upper Dnister Basin................ 309 S.Stojko Ukrainian Tribes in the Ukrainian Carpathians and their Traditions ................................. 321 V.Stetsiuk Social and Demographical Aspects in Rural Areas of Carpathians and Precarpathians .................. 329 B.Bosch, V.Kravtsiv and W.Endlicher The Natural Potential and Problems of Sustainable Development of the Carpathian Region ............. 341 I.Kolodiychuk Sectoral Concepts for Sustainable Land Use Systems and Integrative Planning Goals of Landscape Development and Nature Conservation ......................................... 345 G.Rosenthal, I.Yatsiv, I.Horban, V.Kravtsiv, M.Roth and R.Nobis Perspectives of a Sustainable Forestry from Ecological and Economical Points of View ................. 355 A.W.Bitter, P.A.Schmidt, A.M.Deineka, T.Glaser, B.Koffinke, P.T.Yashchenko, M.V.Cherniavskyi and Y.V.Henyk Scaled Agro-ecological Classification of the Ukraine AEC-UA........................................371 M.Kit, B.Holz and I.Shpakivska The Sustainability of Agricultural Land Use........................................................ 389 Opening up Additional Branches of Agriculture: Recommodations for the Model Communities ......... 409 I.Yatsiv Economic Use of Ecotones with High Nature Conservation Value..................................... 419 R.Nobis, U.Riecken, I.Yatsiv and I.Horban Concepts of the Sustainable Water Use and Flood Protection in the Upper Dnister Floodplain ........... 431 I.Kovalchuk, J.Quast, A.Mykhnovych, J.Steidl, V.Ehlert and Y.Andreychuk From Sector Evaluation to Integrated Land Use Planning ........................................... 441 G.Kaule and B.Holz The Potential of Tourism in Western Ukraine ...................................................... 473 W. Kuhr t Contents General Framework and Technical Tools for the Implementation of Sustainability Concepts in the Western Ukraine Legislative and Administrative Structures in Ukraine in the Context of the Implementation of Concepts for Sustainable Land Use ............................................................. 491 V. Krav tsiv The Future Development of Agriculture in the Western Ukraine: Ukraine Joining the WTO and European Integration ....................................................................... 499 I.Yatsiv The Adaptation of Ukrainian Legislation to the Law of the European Union with Regard to Environmental Protection..................................................................... 509 W. Kuhr t Regional-political Structures and Administrative Organisation in Ukraine ............................ 523 V.Kravtsiv and M.Dolishniy The Dnister GIS: Design, Applications and Proposal in Regard to its Further Implementation and Development............................................................................... 529 E.Tcherkezova References ..................................................................................... 541 Subject index .................................................................................. 579 Contents of the CD ............................................................................. 599 Transformation processes in the Western Ukraine – Concepts for a sustainable land use List of Authors Dr.Y.Andreychuk Dr.Barbara Bosch Ivan-Franko National University Lviv Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Chair of Constructive Geography Institute of Geography