Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08305-9 — Tyrants Waller R. Newell Index More Information Index 1848 revolutions, 12 , 136 , 154 , 157 , 158 Alexandria, 33 , 77 9/11, 13 , 71 , 191 , 195 , 201 , 228 library, 80 al-Farabi, 197 Achilles, 8 , 9 , 10 , 15 , 17 , 18 – 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , Alfred (King), 86 26 , 29 , 37 , 39 , 42 , 45 , 46 , 49 – 50 , 51 , 52 , Algeria, 205 , 224 53 , 55 , 60 , 68 – 70 , 100 , 103 , 119 , 158 , Alhambra, 32 , 121 210 , 229 Ali, 207 Actium, Battle of, 61 , 64 al-Sisi, Abdel Fattah, 224 Acton, Lord, 122 American Civil War, 152 , 218 Aeschylus, 36 American Revolution, 2 , 7 , 116 , 131 , 136 , Afghanistan, 169 , 199 , 217 , 222 140 , 142 , 143 , 147 , 149 , 154 , 183 Africa, 199 , 211 Amsterdam, 123 Agamemnon, 8 , 18 – 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 27 , Anabaptists, 5 , 150 , 151 29 , 46 , 49 , 55 , 69 , 93 anarchism, 12 , 144 , 156 , 159 , 172 , 179 , 183 , Agrippa, 62 , 65 , 66 , 120 186 , 219 , 228 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 15 , 202 – 3 , Anatolia, 93 , 198 207 – 8 , 216 Angell, Norman, 191 Akrai, 40 Angola, 212 Al Fatah, 197 Anne of Cleves, 108 Al Qaeda, 8 , 13 , 195 , 197 , 199 – 201 , 203 , 208 , Antioch, Patriarch of, 90 210 , 213 , 228 anti-Semitism, 217 Declaration of War Against America , 199 Arab, 177 , 190 , 201 Alaric, 71 German pre-Nazi, 176 al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 146 Iranian, 202 – 3 , 207 – 8 al-Banna, Hassan, 190 medieval, 83 Alcibiades, 15 , 17 , 18 , 38 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 51 , 52 , Nazi, 135 , 144 , 148 , 167 , 173 , 175 , 178 , 70 , 192 , 193 180 – 82 , 186 , 203 , 221 Alexander Severus, 74 Wagner, 159 Alexander the Great, 2 , 4 , 7 , 8 , 15 , 18 , 34 , Antwerp, 103 52 – 54 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 65 , 70 , 72 , 79 , 87 , 88 , apocalypticism 92 , 93 , 100 , 122 , 129 , 145 , 152 , 165 , religious, 5 , 144 , 150 , 151 , 207 – 8 192 , 230 , 231 secular, 5 , 7 , 13 , 144 , 146 , 150 , 151 , 160 , Alexander VI (Pope), 105 161 , 175 , 177 , 188 241 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08305-9 — Tyrants Waller R. Newell Index More Information 242 Index Apollo, 31 , 41 , 48 , 64 , 70 , 122 Bavaria, 85 , 149 , 179 Arab Spring, 3 , 16 , 197 , 224 Bede, 80 Arafat, Yasser, 190 Belarus, 215 Arendt, Hannah, 182 , 187 Belloc, Hilaire, 136 , 142 – 43 , 150 Eichmann in Jerusalem , 182 Benevolent Despotism. See Enlightened Aristogeiton. See Harmodius and Aristogeiton Despotism Aristophanes Berchtesgaden, 179 The Clouds , 47 Berdyaev, Nikolai, 215 , 216 Aristotle, 3 , 9 , 15 , 16 , 53 , 73 , 84 , 87 , 90 , 91 , Beria, Lavrenti, 109 , 134 , 169 95 , 192 , 225 , 226 , 231 Berlin, 13 , 28 , 30 , 127 , 174 , 186 , 187 Lyceum, 76 Bible, 23 , 28 , 33 , 34 , 79 , 109 , 195 Politics , 194 King James Version, 115 , 142 Armenia, 198 . See also genocide , Armenian Bin Laden, Osama, 11 , 14 , 191 , 193 , 199 , Aryanism, 177 , 181 , 215 214 , 229 Ashurnasirpal II, 28 , 35 Bismarck, Otto von, 158 , 174 , 180 , 215 Aslan, Rezla, 195 Blue Mosque (Istanbul), 88 , 91 Assad, Bashar al-, 3 , 37 , 185 , 192 , 197 , 219 , Boko Haram, 213 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 Boleyn, Anne, 104 , 105 Assyria, 28 , 29 , 32 , 35 , 37 , 53 , 59 Boleyn, Mary, 105 Ataturk, Kemal, 4 , 5 , 198 – 99 , 224 Bolshevism, vii , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 133 , 135 , Athens, 5 , 30 , 36 , 38 , 41 , 42 – 49 , 69 , 70 , 128 . 143 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 152 , 158 , 160 , See also Peloponnesian War 161 – 70 , 178 , 180 , 181 , 185 , 186 , 187 , democracy, 17 , 42 – 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 190 , 198 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 206 , 208 , 209 , 52 , 56 , 84 210 , 215 , 223 , 230 Augustine, St., 15 , 50 , 72 , 73 – 74 , 84 , 85 , 95 , compared to Nazism, 174 – 77 97 , 227 Bolt, Robert Augustus (Octavian), 2 , 6 , 15 , 33 , 51 , 60 – 63 , A Man for All Seasons , 109 64 – 66 , 67 , 70 , 71 , 74 , 78 , 80 , 81 , 93 , 99 , Boothby, Robert, 179 120 , 122 , 152 , 192 Borgia, Cesare, 192 , 221 constitutional powers, 61 – 62 Boston Marathon, 8 personality, 66 Bourbon dynasty, 120 , 122 , 123 , 125 , 140 Prima Porta statue, 64 , 68 , 75 boyars, 124 , 126 , 198 Auschwitz, 136 , 147 , 170 – 71 , 182 Bramante, Donato, 94 Australia, 212 Brezhnev, Leonid, 169 Austria, 109 , 125 , 149 , 152 Brinton, Crane, 150 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 81 , 125 Britain, Battle of, 113 Averroes, 87 British Empire, 113 Avicenna, 197 British Museum, 28 , 35 Azov, 125 Bronze Age, 21 , 22 , 23 , 27 , 72 . See also kingship , Bronze Age Baathism, 184 , 185 , 197 – 98 , 211 Bruce, James, 123 Babel, 28 Brutus (Lucius Junius Brutus), 55 , 56 Babylon, 28 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 75 , 77 , 91 Brutus (Marcus Junius Brutus), 56 , 60 Bacon, Francis, 97 , 101 , 129 Bukharin, Nikolai, 162 , 166 , 168 , 177 The House of Solomon , 115 Burgundy (Duchy), 84 Baghdad, 87 Burke, Edmund, 15 , 82 , 130 , 131 , 136 , 142 , Bakhunin, Mikhail, 144 , 148 , 159 , 172 , 183 143 , 147 , 148 , 154 , 155 , 156 Balkans, 74 , 78 , 93 , 125 , 215 Refl ections on the Revolution in France , 155 Balzac, Honoré de, 205 Byzantine Empire, 32 , 77 , 79 – 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , Barbarossa (Operation), 181 87 , 88 , 91 , 105 , 121 , 123 , 124 , 126 , 185 , Barbie, Klaus, 109 , 169 196 , 206 Barker, Sir Ernest, 30 model for Ottoman Empire, 88 – 89 Bauhaus, 186 Byzantium. See Constantinople © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08305-9 — Tyrants Waller R. Newell Index More Information Index 243 Cabaret (fi lm), 13 sacred vs. secular authority, 79 – 80 , 81 – 83 , Caesaropapism, 79 – 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 88 , 96 , 111 , 196 , 198 105 , 117 , 121 , 123 , 163 , 206 separation of church and state, 196 Cairo, 88 weakening of Roman Empire, 71 – 74 Caligula, 6 , 67 , 92 , 100 , 103 , 120 Church of England, 104 , 105 , 107 – 9 , 110 , Caliphate, 206 112 – 13 , 115, 116 , 118 , 131 Abbasid, 89 Churchill, Winston, 16 , 65 , 154 , 164 ISIS, viii , 146 , 147 Cicero, 15 , 55 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 64 , 68 , 72 Ottoman, 88 – 89 , 91 , 196 , 206 Dream of Scipio , 6 , 51 world-wide, viii , 5 , 172 , 197 , 208 , 220 , Cincinnatus, 51 223 , 226 Claudius, 67 Calpurnia, 60 Clement VII (Pope), 104 , 105 Calvinism, 131 Cleopatra, 60 , 61 , 64 , 65 Cambodia. See Khmer Rouge Code Louis, 120 Canada, 146 , 217 , 226 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 120 Canterbury Cathedral, 108 Cold War, 154 , 168 , 169 , 191 , 216 , 230 capitalism, 149 , 155 , 162 , 166 , 174 – 75 , 176 , collectivism, 10 , 17 , 138 , 144 , 146 , 149 , 156 , 184 , 188 , 197 , 201 , 209 , 219 , 227 162 , 187 , 189 , 191 , 197 , 200 , 201 , 203 , Carter, Jimmy, 224 204 , 209 , 216 , 219 , 223 , 224 . See also Carthage, 39 , 45 , 58 , 60 . See also Punic Wars communism Cassius Dio, 67 Columbine massacre, 226 Castro, Fidel, 11 , 169 , 190 , 192 , 211 – 12 Columbus, Christopher, 98 , 114 Cathars, 5 , 83 , 150 Commodus, 68 , 74 Catherine de Medici, 109 communism, 5 , 77 , 83 , 115 , 148 , 154 , 159 , Catherine of Aragon, 104 , 105 , 112 161 – 70 , 178 , 187 , 189 , 212 , 213 – 14 . Catherine the Great, 94 , 119 , 125 , 126 See also Chinese Communist Revolution ; Catholic Church, 95 , 103 , 104 , 110 , Maoism ; Marxism ; Russian Revolution ; 121 , 185 Third World Socialism Catholicism, 90 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 112 , 113 , 115 , Confederation of the Rhine, 152 116 , 117 , 118 , 121 , 122 , 140 , 149 Confucianism, 189 , 212 Cato, 60 , 140 Congress of Vienna, 155 Ceausescu, Nicolae, 212 Conquest, Robert, 163 , 167 Cecil, William, 110 Constantine, 2 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 88 , Celts, 79 104 , 105 Charlemagne, 2 , 81 , 152 , 180 , 181 Constantinople, 32 , 75 , 77 , 87 , 89 , 91 , 93 Charles I (of England), 115 Patriarch of, 79 Charles II (of England), 115 , 122 Constantius II, 71 , 75 Charles V (of Holy Roman Empire), 82 , 96 , Couperin, François, 120 103 , 105 Crassus, 57 , 59 Charles VI (of Holy Roman Empire), 122 Crimea, vii , 125 , 157 , 169 , 191 , 216 Charlie Hebdo, 8 Cromwell, Oliver, 108 , 114 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 150 Chauprade, Aymeric, 216 Protectorate, 116 Chavez, Hugo, 203 Cromwell, Thomas, 102 , 103 – 4 , 105 , 106 , Chile, 224 107 , 108 , 110 , 120 , 123 China, 11 , 77 , 90 , 91 , 202 , 212 , 213 , 214 , Crusades, 87 , 196 217 , 227 Cuba, 211 – 12 Chinese Communist Revolution, 141 , 149 . Cuban missile crisis, 169 , 212 See also Mao Tse Tung ; Maoism Cyrus the Great, 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 – 34 , 35 , 39 , 45 , Christianity 51 , 52 , 53 , 61 , 75 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 93 , 101 , conversion of Roman Empire, 76 – 77 145 , 153 , 192 , 193 , 231 decline in nineteenth century, 158 Cyrus the Younger, 90 doctrine of transubstantiation, 107 Czech lands, 112 , 217 Machiavelli’s criticism of, 98 – 99 , 100 Czechoslovakia, 186 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08305-9 — Tyrants Waller R. Newell Index More Information 244 Index D’Alembert, Jean le Rond, 127 Elizabeth I, 2 , 94 , 103 , 108 , 110 , 112 – 13 , Danton, Georges, 140 118 , 154 Darius, 36 , 52 , 53 Elizabeth of Brunswick, 128 Dark Age (Europe), 2 , 80 – 81 , 191 Elton, G.R., 110 Darwinism, 158 , 182 . See also Social Ely Cathedral, 108 Darwinism enclosure (agricultural), 118 David (King), 35 , 83 English Civil War, 115 , 116 David, Jacques-Louis Cavaliers, 115 The Oath of the Horatii , 139 New Model Army, 116 Davies, Norman, 167 Roundheads, 115 , 154 D-Day, viii , 231 English republic, 114 , 116 de Gaulle, Charles, 16 , 179 Enlightened Despotism, 4 , 119 – 30 , 145 , 153 , Delphi, 31 , 39 , 52 , 64 , 88 212 , 231 democracy. See also Athens , democracy Enlightenment, 2 , 7 , 9 , 81 , 94 , 117 , 124 , 127 , Aquinas’ views, 84 128 , 134 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 140 , 144 , 146 , and Catholicism, 82 – 83 148 , 149 , 154 , 155 , 157 , 160 , 172 , 174 , democratic despots, 157 , 173 , 184 175 , 176 , 188 , 191 , 193 , 200 , 201 , 208 , in Greek political thought, 37 , 38 , 50 , 194 209 , 215 , 216 , 217 , 218 , 219 , 231 and Orthodox Church, 83 , 118 Ephesus, 21 and Protestantism, 118 – 19 Epicureanism, 64 , 72 resilience in America, 218 – 20 Erasmus, 50 , 95 , 105 , 109 transition from authoritarian rule, Education of a Christian Prince , 6 , 51 223 – 25 , 231 Estonia, 125 vs.