Introduction to High Speed Rail T. Kobayashi Shinkansen Traction Substation Gauge and Operation of HSR Track Gauge of conventional rail in Asia Broad gauge Europe Standard gauge Standard gauge Japan 1067 mm Narrow gauge Broad gauge Meter gauge Track Gauge Shinkansen Traction Substation HSR Network in the world HSR Network in Europe Conventional rail in EU is Standard gauge TGV network in France Conventional rail is Standard gauge Many TGV trains operate on existing lines by mixed services with conventional passengers trains. LGV; New line for HSR New line for HSR Conventional line with TGV operation HSR (ICE) Network in Germany Conventional rail is Standard gauge Many ICE trains operate on existing lines by mixed services with conventional passengers and freight trains. NBS; New line for HSR (Vmax = 300 km/h) NBS; New line for HSR (Vmax = 250 km/h) ABS; Improved conventional line (Vmax = 200 ~ 230 km/h) SFS; High speed line including new and conventional rail (Vmax < 160 km/h) HSR (Shinkansen) network in Japan New line, V =300 km/h New line, V =275 km/h L = 27,600 km New line, V =260 km/h Re-gauged conventional line, V =130 km/h Lines under construction or planned Conventional rail is Narrow gauge Shinkansen trains operate on dedicated lines. Shinkansen is Standard gauge HSR Plan in Thailand Chiang Mai Existing SRT rail is Nong Meter gauge Khai Phitsanulok Nakhon Ratchasima Thai HSR shall be dedicated rail. Bangkok Existing SRT network will be used for • Commuter services Rayong • Regional transport Hua Hin • Freight services (NE); Bangkok ~ Nong Khai, 610 km (S); Bangkok ~ Hua Hin ~ Padang Besar, 980 km (E); Bangkok ~ Rayong, 220 km (N); Bangkok ~ Phitsanulok ~ Chiang Mai, 680 km Padang Maximum speed; 250 ~ 300 km/h Besar Travel time; Bangkok ~ Chiang Mai = about 3 hours Shinkansen Traction Substation Operation and Capacity of HSR Speed and Line Capacity dedicated rail and mixed operation with conventional rail 1. HSR only on dedicated track 300 km/h ~ 350 km/h 2. HSR + conventional passenger train Pattern 2 Pattern 1 160 km/h 160 km/h 160 km/h 300 km/h 3. HSR + conventional passenger + freight train 80 km/h Allowable speed of passing each other 160 km/h 160 km/h with freight train is lower (ex.160 km/h). Change in train diagrams 2 trains / hour Tokyo ~ Osaka Headway at peak time 13 trains / hour 3 minutes interval 1964 2011 60 336 trains / day trains / day Wide body and Narrow body Wide body EMU Narrow body EMU (E2, N700, Velaro CN, CRH3 etc.) (E3, AGV, ICE3 etc.) 5 seats/row with big capacity 4 seats/row 5/4 = 25 % up Narrow body is mainly used in Europe to meet narrow loading profile of UIC because of mixed operation with existing conventional rail of standard gauge. Seat pitch and capacity 1040 mm Shinkansen 700 Rotatable Short pitch Increased capacity 1040/920 = 13 % up ICE-3 920 mm Fixed seat Line Capacity of HSR 1. The average number of passengers per 25 m car (P). Shinkansen ( ４４４ ~ 5 seats/row); P = 64 ~ 83 (passengers/car) ICE-3 (4 seats/row); P = 54 ~ 58 (passengers/car) 2. The number of cars per train (N) N = 6 ~ 16 cars/train 3. The number of trains at peakhour per direction (T) T = 6 ~ 11 trains/peakhour/direction trains / day Line Capacity = P x N x T = 1,944 ~ 14,608 = 2,000 ~ 15,000 (passengers/peakhour/direction) Expected Demand 27,000 ~ 200,000 (passengers/day) at busy section. Shinkansen Traction Substation Market share of HSR in Railway business Target of HSR (Market share of railway) ShareShare andand journeyjourney distancedistance 100 % 80 300 1,000 km Railway has more than 50 % share VehicleVehicle AirAir 500 60 50 % HSR has more than 50 % share 40 HSRHSR 20 OtherOther railrail 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 km Bangkok Korat Nong Khai Chiang Mai Hat Yai Sungai Kolok Competition with Airlines Before and After HSR service started Tokyo ~ Akita (663km) Tokyo ~ Aomori (675km) 1996 2011 Aomori 2002 2011 Akita 29% 34% 66% 43% 52% 48% 57% 71% Niigata Yamagat a 301km Tokyo ~ Yamagata (360km) 100 % Nagano 226km 1991 2011 10% Tokyo 24% Shinkansen 76% 90% Airlines Travel time and share Rail is dominant over air for shorter than 3 hours’ travel. Tokyo ~ Osaka 76% (515km) Europe 40% 60% London 19% 1hr 54 min Brussels 81% Tokyo Osaka 2 hr 25 min 2hr 15 min 100% Japan Tokyo ~ Hakata 30% hr min 1 22 (1069 km) 70% 14 % Hakata Paris Osaka Nagoya Tokyo 86%86% Shorter Travel time is the key in HSR design. Shinkansen Traction Substation Thank you !.