DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum THE FLORA OF THE ALPS VOLUME THE SECOND DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum LXXIX.—SOLDANELLA ALPINA. DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum The Flora of the Alps BEING A DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE SPECIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO SWITZERLAND ; AND OF THE ALPINE SPECIES OF THE ADJACENT MOUNTAIN DISTRICTS OF FRANCE, ITALY, 6- AUSTRIA INCLUDING THE PYRENEES BY ALFRED W. BENNETT M.A., B.Sc., F.L.S. LECTURER ON BOTANY AT ST. THOMAS* HOSPITAL W/TH ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY COLOURED PLATES IN TWO VOLUMES ^-^^RARV VOLUME THE SECOND t^OM .,. ,^ ^^KiJi, jN' NEW YORK T R U S L O V E m C O M B A LONDON: JOHN C. NIMMO MDCCCXCVIII QK515 DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum ,34 Printed by BaLLANTVNE. HANSON & CO. At the Ballantyne Press DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum js^OSV YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN LIST OF COLOURED PLATES VOLUME THE SECOND PLATE 59. Homogyne alpina To face page 2 60. Aster alpinus , , 6 61. Gnaphalium Leontopodium ,, 10 62. Achillea nana ,,14 Arnica montana , 20 63. , 64. Centaurea phrygia ^, 30 65. Dabeocia polifolia ,,42 66. Phyllodoce coerulea ,,44 67. Rhododendron Chamaecistus .... , , 44 68. „ ferrugineum ,,46 69. Pyrola uniflora ,,46 70. Androsace villosa ,,48 71. Primula farinosa ., 50 72. „ longiflora j> 50 73. „ marginata ,, 52 74. „ calycina jj 52 75. „ minima >> 54 76. „ pedemontana >5 54 77. „ viscosa 5 J 56 78. Cortusa Matthioli ,,56 79. Soldanella alpina {page 56) Frontispiece 80. „ minima To face page 58 81. Cyclamen repandum ,,58 82. Trientalis europaea ,,60 83. Gentiana lutea ,,62 84. ,, acaulis ,,64 85. ,, bavarica ,,64 86. „ verna ,,66 DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum VI LIST OF COLOURED PLATES PLATE 87. Lithospermum prostratum Toface page 68 88. Myosotis alpestris 70 89. Ramondia pyrenaica 90. Linaria alpina 91. „ origanifolia 92. Erinus alpinus 93. Veronica spicata . 94. „ prostrata 95. „ nummularia 96. Pedicularis elongata 97. „ comosa 98. Pinguicula alpina 99. Globularia nana . 100. Horminum pyrenaicum loi. Micromeria Piperella 102. Scutellaria alpina 103. Teucrium pyrenaicum 104. Oxyria digyna 105. Daphne cneorum 106. Salix reticulata . 107. Orchis globosa . 108. Gymnadenia odoratissima 109. Cypripedium Calceolus no. Crocus nudiflorus 111. Narcissus juncifolius 112. Leucojum vernum 113. Lloydia serotina . 114. Paradisia Liliastrum 115. Scilla bifolia 116. Fritillaria Meleagris 117. Bulbocodium vernum 118. Eriophorum alpinum 119. Sesleria sphoerocephala 120. Juniperus nana . DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum THE FLORA OF THE ALPS Order XLVIL—COMPOSITE. Inflorescence a capitule surrounded by an involucre of bracts; flowers small, all tubular, or the outer ones (florets of the ray) ligulate, the inner ones (florets of the disk) tubular ; all bisexual, or some female, some male or neuter, and some bisexual; calyx-Hmb o or a feathery pappus; stamens 5, anthers always connate (syngene- sious); ovary inferior, i -celled, i-ovuled, stigmas 2; fruit a I -seeded achene, often surmounted by the feathery pappus. A vast order, the largest among flowering plants, comprising about one-tenth of the flowering flora of the globe, belonging to all climates and all altitudes. Many of the genera are distinguished only by minute characters, and in some of the genera the species are very difficult, running into one another by insensible gradations. Sub-Order TUBULIFLOR^.—Flowers all tubular, or disk -flowers tubular, ray -flowers ligulate; no milky juice. Tribe EUPATORIE^. — Flowers all tubular, bisexual; calyx pappoid ; anther-cells not tailed ; branches of style VOL. IT. A d DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum 2 THE FLORA OF THE ALPS slender, half-terete, papillose; leaves often opposite. Genera 1-2. I. EUPATORIUM, L. Capitules few-flowered, in terminal corymbs ; branches of style long, exserted ; leaves opposite. Not alpine. E. cannabinum, L., Hemp-Agrimony; flowers pale purple, heads very large and many-flowered, leaves of 3-5 leaflets ; wet places, common. 2. Adenostyles, Cass. Capitules few-flowered, numerous, in large compound corymbs ; flowers pink ; involucre usually of a single row of bracts ; leaves alternate. Alpine or sub-alpine. A. albtfronSy Rchb. (albida, Cass., Alliaria, Kern.); capitules 3-6-flowered, stem 1-2 ft., stout, lower leaves reniform-cordate, stalked, upper auricled, all irregularly toothed and tomentose beneath; mountain woods, fre- quent. A. alpina, Bl. {viridis, Cass.) ; corymb less dense, leaves regularly toothed, glabrous or only slightly hairy beneath, upper ones not auricled ; moist mountain woods, frequent. A. leucopkylla, Rchb. (candidissima, Cass., hybrida, DC); capitules iC)-20-flowered, compact, leaves tomentose on both sides ; high ; Alps, Southern Switzer- land, Piedmont, Dauphiny; less common. Tribe TUSSILAGINE^E.—Capitules many-flowered, soli- tary or corymbose ; flowers partially unisexual ; branches of style connate in the disk-flowers; leaves alternate. Genera 3-5. DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum i.lX. V<r):MOGYNE AJ.PINA DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum COMPOSITE 3 3. HoMOGYNE, Cass. Capitule usually solitary, on a nearly leafless scape, appearing before the leaves ; involucre usually of one row of bracts ; leaves mostly radical, stalked, round. Alpine. H. alpina, Cass. (PI. 59) ; flowers yellowish-red, capi- tule solitary, stem 6-12 in., woolly, leaves cordate-reniform, crenate, green on both sides; alpine pastures, frequent. H. discolor^ Cass. ; flowers yellow, capitule solitary, stem 3-9 in., woolly, bracts of involucre purple, leaves cordate- lighter ; reniform, and tomentose beneath ; pastures Tirol, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola. H. sylvestris^ Cass. ; flowers yellow, stem 6-12 in., hairy, with 1-3 capitules, leaves green on both sides, cordate-reniform, coarsely dentate, ; upper with sheathing leaf-stalk ; pastures Styria, Car- inthia, Carniola. 4. TUSSILAGO, L. Capitule solitary, on a leafless scape; ray-flowers female, disk-flowers male, all yellow; leaves appearing after the flowers. Not alpine. T. Farfara, L., Colt's- Foot ; very common. 5. Petasites, Tourn. Capitules numerous, forming a terminal panicle on a leafless scape ; flowers purple, red, or white ; ray-flowers mostly female, with filiform corolla; leaves very large, appearing after the flowers. P. officinalis, Moench. {vulgaris, Desf.) Butter-bur; flowers pink, leaves up to 3 ft. in diam., tomentose or cobwebby beneath ; wet places in the lowlands, common. DownloadDownload from from The The Biodiversity Biodiversity Heritage Heritage Library Library http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at www.biologiezentrum 4 THE FLORA OF THE ALPS P. albuSj Gsertn. ; flowers yellowish-white, often mostly female, leaves roundish-cordate, thinly tomentose be- neath; by mountain streams; Switzerland, Jura, Vosges, Dauphiny. P. niveus^ Baumg. ; flowers white or reddish, often chiefly female, leaves cordate-triangular, tomentose and snow-white beneath ; by mountain streams, frequent. Tribe ASTEROIDE^E.—Ray-flowers female or neuter, ligulate, rarely all tubular, branches of style linear, blunt, glabrous; disk-flowers bisexual, anther-cells not tailed, branches of style