New force at large distances Daniel Grumiller Institute for Theoretical Physics Vienna University of Technology TEDx Vienna, November 2010 I What are the fundamental forces in Nature? I What is the nature of space, time and matter? Some questions physics cannot address: We live in the golden age of fundamental physics Goal: want to understand how the Universe works Some questions physics can address: I What is the Universe made of? (picture by NASA) D. Grumiller | New force 2/11 I What is the nature of space, time and matter? Some questions physics cannot address: We live in the golden age of fundamental physics Goal: want to understand how the Universe works Some questions physics can address: I What is the Universe made of? I What are the fundamental forces in Nature? (picture by lifesbalancebeam) D. Grumiller | New force 2/11 Some questions physics cannot address: We live in the golden age of fundamental physics Goal: want to understand how the Universe works Some questions physics can address: I What is the Universe made of? I What are the fundamental forces in Nature? I What is the nature of space, time and matter? (picture by spacescan.org) D. Grumiller | New force 2/11 We live in the golden age of fundamental physics Goal: want to understand how the Universe works Some questions physics can address: I What is the Universe made of? I What are the fundamental forces in Nature? I What is the nature of space, time and matter? Some questions physics cannot address: D. Grumiller | New force 2/11 What is the Universe made of? D. Grumiller | New force 3/11 What is the Universe made of? D. Grumiller | New force 3/11 I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: Early success... Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus (picture by NASA) D. Grumiller | New force 4/11 I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: Early success... Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! (picture by NASA) D. Grumiller | New force 4/11 I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: Early success... Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies (picture by NASA) D. Grumiller | New force 4/11 I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: Early success... Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies (picture by NASA) I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position D. Grumiller | New force 4/11 Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: Early success... Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies (picture by NASA) I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest D. Grumiller | New force 4/11 Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: Early success... Neptune: I 1821: Alexis Bouvard published tables of orbit of Uranus I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies (picture by NASA) I 1845: John Couch Adams and especially Urbain Le Verrier predict new planet and calculate its position I 1846: Observational confirmation by Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest Discovery of Neptune was first success of the Dark Matter concept! D. Grumiller | New force 4/11 I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: ...and early failure Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier (picture based on Star Trek) D. Grumiller | New force 5/11 I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: ...and early failure Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! (picture based on Star Trek) D. Grumiller | New force 5/11 I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: ...and early failure Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or (picture based on predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies Star Trek) D. Grumiller | New force 5/11 I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: ...and early failure Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or (picture based on predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies Star Trek) I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position D. Grumiller | New force 5/11 I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: ...and early failure Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or (picture based on predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies Star Trek) I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault D. Grumiller | New force 5/11 Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: ...and early failure Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or (picture based on predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies Star Trek) I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity D. Grumiller | New force 5/11 Astrophysics Dark Matter hypothesis: ...and early failure Vulcan: I 1840: Fran¸coisArago suggests problem of Mercury orbit to Urbain Le Verrier I Observations deviate from tables: gravitational anomalies! I Different explanations: change law of gravitation or (picture based on predict Dark Matter to account for anomalies Star Trek) I 1859: Urbain Le Verrier predicts new planet and calculates its position I 1860: Observational ‘confirmation’ by Lescarbault I 1915: Einstein explains perihelion shift of Mercury with General Relativity Non-discovery of Vulcan was first failure of the Dark Matter concept! D. Grumiller | New