Notes and References Preface 1. Eamon Duffy, 'Mary', in Peter Marshall (ed.), The Impact of the English Reformation 1500-1640 (London, New York, Sydney, Auckland: Arnold, Arnold Readers in History, 1997), pp. 102-229. 2. Conrad Russell, 'Composite monarchies in early modern Europe: The British and Irish examples', in Alexander Grant and Keith J. Stringer (eds), Uniting the Kingdom? The Making of British History (London and New York: Routledge, 1995), p. 135 1 Catholics in England and Wales, c.l558--c.l640 1. For the background to the emergence of Elizabethan recusancy, see Adrian Morey, The Catholic Subjects of Elizabeth I (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1978); Edward Robert Norman, RorTULn Catholicism in England: From the Elizabethan Settlement to the Second Vatican Council (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985); Arnold Pritchard, Catholic Loyalism in Elizabethan England (Lon­ don: Scolar Press, 1970); Elliott Rose, Cases of Conscience: Alternatives open to Recusants and Puritans under Elizabeth I and james I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975); William Raleigh Trimble, The Catholic Laity in Eli­ zabethan England 1558-1603 (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1964); Alex­ andra Walsham, Church Papists, Catholicism, Conformity and Confessional Polemic in Early Modern England (London: The Boydell Press for the Royal Historical Society, 1993). 2. Stonor, in Alan Dures, English Catholicism 1558-1642 (Harlow, Essex: Long­ man, 1983), p. 94. 3. Richard Challoner, Memoirs of Missionary Priests and other Catholics of Both Sexes That Have Suffered Death in England on Religious Accounts (published as Martyrs to the Catholic Faith, 2 vols in 1, Edinburgh: Thomas C. Jack, 1878), pp. ix, XXXV, l. 199 200 Notes and References 4. A. G. Dickens, 'The First Stages ofRomanist Recusancy in Yorkshire, 1560- 1590', Yorkshire Archaeological journal, XXXV (1940-3), 161, 166-9, 180-1. 5. J. Stanley Leatherbarrow, The Lancashire Elizabethan Recusants (Manchester: Chetham Society, NS, X [1947]), xi, 152-7. 6. John Bossy, 'The Character of Elizabethan Catholicism', quoted in Patrick McGrath, 'Elizabethan Catholicism: A Reconsideration', journal of Ecclesiastical History, XXXV (1984), 414-15. 7. John Bossy, The English Catholic Community 1570-1850 (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1975), pp. 11-74; Eamon Duffy, 'The English Secular Clergy and the Counter-Reformation', journal of Ecclesiastical History, XXXIV (1983), 214-7. 8. Christopher Haigh, 'The Continuity of Catholicism in the English Reforma­ tion', Past and Present, XCIII (1981), 37-69. 9. Christopher Haigh, 'From Monopoly to Minority: Catholicism in Early Modern England', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, XXXI (1981), 129-30. 10. Haigh, 'From Monopoly to Minority', 132, 146-7. 11. Thomas Wright, The Disposition or Garnishment of the Sovle To receiue Worthily the blessed Sacrament, in John R. Roberts, A Critical Anthology of English Recusant Devotional Prose, 1558-1603 (Leuven: Nauwelaerts, 1966), p. 244: by 'solafidean erroure' Wright meant assumptions, allegedly derived from the Reformation doctrine ofjustification by faith alone, that works of charity were not necessary for the Christian to perform. 12. Christopher Haigh, Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire (Manche­ ster: Manchester University Press, 1975), Chapter 5; J.J. Scarisbrick, The Reformation and the English People (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984); Eamon Duffy, The Stripping of the Altars Traditional Religion in England c. 1400-c. 1580 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992); J.J. McConica, English Humanists and Reformation Politics under Henry VIII and Edward VI (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965), Chapter 4; Dermot Fenlon, Heresy and Obedience in Tridentine Italy: Cardinal Pole and the Counter-Reformation (London: Cam­ bridge University Press, 1972), pp. 1-6. 13. Roberts, A Critical Anthology, pp. 297, 62-6. For the fortunes of the confra­ ternities in the Counter-Reformation, see John Bossy, 'The Counter-Refor­ mation and the People of Catholic Europe', Past and Present, XLVII (1970), 58-60; for the English Carthusians and the circulation of devotional themes in the later middle ages, see Michael G. Sargent, 'The Transmission by the English Carthusians of Some Late Medieval Spiritual Writings', journal of Ecclesiastical History, XXVII (1976), 225-40; see also Roger Lovatt, 'The Imitation of Christ in Late Medieval England', Transactions of the Royal Histor­ ical Society, 5th series, XVIII (1968), 96-121. 14. Anna Jean Mill, 'The Stations of the York Corpus Christi Play', Yorkshire Archaeological journal, XXXVII (1948), 492-505; Dr Duffy writes (The Stripping of the Altars, p. 67), 'Few communities could match [York's] sort of commitment to the task of [religious] instruction and consolation'. 15. Richard Rex, 'Thomas Vavasour MD', Recusant History, XX, 4 (1991), 436- 54; Christopher Haigh, 'The Continuity of Catholicism', 48. Notes and References 201 16. David Loades, Revolution in Religion: The English Reformation 1530-1570 (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1992), p. 10. 17. Haigh, 'The Continuity of Catholicism', 37-69. 18. John O'Leary, 'Prisoners in the Clink Prison in 1586', London Recusant, IV, 4 (1974), 94-6; John O'Leary, 'Prisoners in the Gatehouse in June 1586', London Recusant, IV, 4 (1974), 96-7; Patrick McGrath, 'The Elizabethan Priests: Their Harbourers and Helpers', Recusant History, XIX, 3 ( 1989), 204. 19. Leo Warren, 'The Catholic Community in the North West', in Michael Mullett and Leo Warren, Martyrs of the Diocese of Lancaster Beatified on the Feast of Christ the King (Preston: Diocese of Lancaster, 1987), pp. 11-12. 20. Patrick McGrath and Joy Rowe, 'The Imprisonment of Catholics for Re­ ligion under Elizabeth I', Recusant History, XX, 4 (1991), 415-35; Patrick McGrath and Joy Rowe, 'Anstruther Analysed: "The Elizabethan Seminary Priests"', Recusant History, XVIII, 1 (1986), 1-13; Scarisbrick, The Reforma­ tion and the English People, pp. 144-5. 21. Patrick McGrath, Papists and Puritans under Elizabeth I (London: Blandford Press, 1967), p. 57, n. 1. 22. Scarisbrick, The Reformation and the English People, p. 142. 23. Scarisbrick, The Reformation and the English People, pp. 139-40. 24. Scarisbrick, The Reformation and the English People, p. 140; Sheridan Gilley, 'The Roman Catholic Church in England 1780-1940', in Sheridan Gilley and W.J. Sheils (eds), A History of Religion in Britain: Practice and Belief from Pre-Roman Times to the Present (Oxford, and Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1994), p. 350; M.M. Nolan, 'A Petition for Aid from the Religious Order of St. Bridget, Formerly Sion House in England', Essex Recusant, XI, 1 (1969), 13-15. 25. The Chronicle of the English Augustinian Canonesses Regular of the Lateran, at St Monica's in Louvain (ed. Dom Aidan Hamilton, OSB, Edinburgh and Lon­ don: Sands & Co., 1904), p. 29. For the Council of Trent's rulings on monastic discipline, see Norman P. Tanner, SJ (ed.), Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils (2 vols, London: Sheed & Ward, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1990), II, pp. 776-84. 26. Leatherbarrow, The Lancashire Elizabethan Recusants, p. xi; Nicholas Sanders' Report to Cardinal Marone, 'How the People are Affected towards the Catholic Faith', in Catholic Record Society, Miscellanea, I (1905), p. 45; Haigh, Reformation and Resistance, p. 114; Dures, English Catholicism, pp. 4- 5; Dickens, 'First Stages ofRomanist Recusancy', p. 161; Depositions and other Ecclesiastical Proceedings from the Courts of Durham Extending from 1311 to the Reign of Elizabeth, Surtees Society, XXI (1845), 19. 27. Durham Depositions 184-5, 188; for a summary of the Revolt ofthe Northern Earls, see McGrath, Papists and Puritans, pp. 65-7. 28. Durham Depositions, p. 188. 29. For the erosion of the 'church papist' option, see Trimble, Catholic Laity, pp. 45ff; for Elizabethan penal legislation, see G.R. Elton (ed.), The Tudor Con­ stitution Documents and Commentary (2nd edn, Cambridge, New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 419-42. 30. Patrick McGrath, 'The Bloody Questions Reconsidered', Recusant History, XX, 3 (1991), 305-19. 202 Notes and References 31. Albert J. Loomie, 'The Armada and the Catholics of England', Catholic Historical Review, LIX, 3 (1973), 385-403. 32. Michael E. Williams, 'William Allen: the Sixteenth-Century Spanish Connection', Recusant History, XXII, 2 (1994), 123-40; William Allen, A True Sincere and Modest Defence of English Catholics ... (2 vols, London: Manresa Press and Herder, 1941), II, pp. 58-9; Victor Houliston, 'The Fabrication of the Myth of Father Parsons', Recusant History, XXII, 2 (1994), 141-51. 33. The Bishop of Carlisle to William Cecil, 27 October 1570, in Catholic Record Society, Miscellanea 12 (1921), 116. 34. Catholic Record Society, Miscellanea 12 (1921), 1. 35. Rex, 'Thomas Vavasour', p. 439, citing Aveling. 36. A.G. Dickens, 'The Extent and Character ofRecusancy in Yorkshire, 1604', Yorkshire Archaeological journal, XXXVII (1948-51), 42-8; J.C.H. Aveling, 'Some Aspects of Yorkshire Catholic Recusant History, 1558-1791 ', Studies in Church History, IV: The Province of York (ed. G.J. Cuming, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1967), p. 110; K.R. Wark, 'Elizabethan Recusancy in Cheshire' (Manche­ ster: Chetham Society, 3rd series, XIX (1971), pp. 130, 137. 37. Alan Davidson, 'Robert Atkinson, a Famous Lawyer', Essex Recusant, XII, 2 (1970), 91-7. 38. M. M. Nolan, 'Catholics in England: 1583', Essex Recusant, XI, 1 (1969), 16-19. 39. Geoffrey Anstruther, OP, The Seminary Priests: