Volume 19 The Federalist Society Review fedsoc.org Towards an Administrative Impeachment: The Constitu- Rule of Lenity: Restoring tion’s Fiduciary Meaning of the Constitutional Congress “High . Misdemeanors” by Reforming Statutory — Robert G. Natelson Interpretation — Joel S. Nolette (winner of the Article I The GDPR: What It Really Initiative Writing Contest) Does and How the U.S. Can Chart a Better Course The Problem with the — Roslyn Layton & Julian Mclendon Proliferation of Collateral Consequences Party Like It’s 1935?: Gundy — John G. Malcolm v. United States and the Fu- ture of the Non-Delegation What Happened to the Public’s Doctrine Interest in Patent Law? — Matthew Cavedon & Jonathan Skrmetti — Kristen Jakobsen Osenga A Shy Frog, the Administra- Compelled Speech in tive State, and Judicial Review Masterpiece Cakeshop: What of Agency Decision-Making: the Supreme Court’s June A Preview of Weyerhaeuser v. 2018 Decisions Tell Us About United States Fish & Wildlife the Unresolved Questions Service — James A. Campbell — Mark Miller The Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy Studies Directors & Officers Steven G. Calabresi, Chairman Hon. David M. McIntosh, Vice Chairman Gary Lawson, Secretary Brent O. Hatch, Treasurer T. Kenneth Cribb, Counselor C. Boyden Gray Letter from the Editor Leonard A. Leo, Executive Vice President Edwin Meese, III Eugene B. Meyer, President Michael B. Mukasey HE EDERALIST OCIETY EVIEW Lee Liberman Otis, Senior Vice President T F S R is the legal Prof. Nicholas Quinn Rosenkranz Board of Visitors journal produced by the Federalist Mr. Christopher DeMuth, Co-Chairman Hon. Orrin G. Hatch, Co-Chairman Society’s Practice Groups. The REVIEW Prof. Lillian BeVier George T. Conway III Kimberly O. Dennis was formerly known as ENGAGE, and Michael W. Gleba Hon. Lois Haight Herrington Hon. Donald Paul Hodel although the name has changed, it Hon. Frank Keating, II Hon. Gale Norton still features top-notch scholarship Hon. Theodore B. Olson Mr. Andrew J. Redleaf Hon. Wm. Bradford Reynolds on important legal and public policy Ms. Diana Davis Spencer Theodore W. Ullyot issues from some of the best legal Staff President Eugene B. Meyer minds in the country. Executive Vice President Leonard A. Leo Senior Vice President & Director of Faculty Division REVIEW articles are published thanks Lee Liberman Otis Student Division to the hard work of our fifteen Practice Peter Redpath, Vice President, Director Kamron N. Kompani, Deputy Director Kate Alcantara, Deputy Director Group Executive Committees and Lawyers Chapters Lisa Budzynski Ezell, Vice President, Director authors who volunteer their time Sarah Landeene, Deputy Director Katherine Fugate, Associate Director Faculty Division and expertise. The REVIEW seeks to Anthony Deardurff, Deputy Director Brigid Flaherty, Associate Director contribute to the marketplace of ideas Jim D. Pennell, Assistant Director Practice Groups Dean Reuter, Vice President, Director in a way that is collegial, accessible, Juli Nix, Director of Conferences Katie McClendon, Director of Publications intelligent, and original. Articles and Erica E. Munkwitz, Deputy Director Wesley G. Hodges, Associate Director Micah Wallen, Assistant Director full issues are available at fedsoc.org Regulatory Transparency Project Devon Westhill, Deputy Director and through the Westlaw database. Colton Graub, Associate Director Nathan J. Beacom, Assistant Director Article I Initiative Nathan Kaczmarek, Director We hope that readers enjoy the Development Jon T. Staab, Deputy Director articles and come away with new Stuart Beckett, Assistant Director Christina Tenney, Major Gifts Officer External Relations information and fresh insights. Jonathan Bunch, Vice President, Director Peter Bisbee, Director of State Courts Please send us any suggestions and Elizabeth Cirri, Associate Director International Affairs James P. Kelly, III, Director responses at [email protected]. Paul Zimmerman, Deputy Director Membership Paige Williams, Director, Director of Alumni Relations Jenny Mahoney, Coordinator Digital Sincerely, Daniel T. Richards, Vice President, Director Matt Wood, Director of Fed Soc Films Samantha Schroeder, Deputy Director of Fed Soc Films Jenny DeMarco, Assistant Director of Digital Strategy Alex Yershov, Assistant Director of Digital Operations Katie McClendon Ann Hartley, Assistant Director of Fed Soc Films Administration Director of Publications Douglas C. Ubben, Vice President, Director of Finance C. David Smith, Vice President, Director of IT Maria Marshall, Director of Operations for the Exec. VP Amy Harper, Assistant Director of Finance Shiza Francis, Assistant Director for the Exec. VP Rhonda Moaland, Office Manager The Federalist Society Review Volume 19 2018 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW & REGUlaTION Independent Review of Procurements Is Worth It: There Is No Support for Hamstringing the GAO Bid Protest Process by Marcia G. Madsen, David F. Dowd, & Roger V. Abbott .................................................................................................................................................4 Towards an Administrative Rule of Lenity: Restoring the Constitutional Congress by Reforming Statutory Interpretation by Joel S. Nolette .............................................................................................................................................................................................................16 FDA Poised to Spoil a Food Fight, Naturally by Gregory D. Cote .........................................................................................................................................................................................................30 Why DoD Should Adopt a Multi-Cloud IT Strategy by Marcia G. Madsen, Peter O. Schmidt, Luke P. Levasseur, & David F. Dowd .................................................................................................................34 Party Like It’s 1935?: Gundy v. United States and the Future of the Non-Delegation Doctrine by Matthew Cavedon & Jonathan Skrmetti ......................................................................................................................................................................42 Deference to Agency Rule Interpretations: Problems of Expanding Constitutionally Questionable Authority in the Administrative State by Ronald A. Cass ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................54 CIVIL RIGHTS The Student Right to Counsel by KC Johnson & Mike S. Adams ....................................................................................................................................................................................62 CRIMINAL LAW & PROCEDURE The Problem with the Proliferation of Collateral Consequences by John G. Malcolm ........................................................................................................................................................................................................70 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW & PROPERTY RIGHTS Extraterritorial Ambition: State Energy Taxes and the Question of Imported Electricity by Daniel A. Himebaugh ................................................................................................................................................................................................78 A Shy Frog, the Administrative State, and Judicial Review of Agency Decision-Making: A Preview of Weyerhaeuser v. United States Fish & Wildlife Service by Mark Miller ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................82 Will We Soon Have Clarity on Navigable Waters?: How the Supreme Court’s October 2017 Term Set the Stage by Tony Francois .............................................................................................................................................................................................................88 FEDERALISM & SEpaRATION OF POWERS Counting to Two Thirds: How Close Are We to a Convention for Proposing Amendments to the Constitution? by Robert G. Natelson .....................................................................................................................................................................................................94 The Founders Interpret the Constitution: The Division of Federal and State Powers by Robert G. Natelson ...................................................................................................................................................................................................106 Impeachment: The Constitution’s Fiduciary Meaning of “High . Misdemeanors” by Robert G. Natelson ...................................................................................................................................................................................................114 Why Constitutional Lawyers Need to Know Latin by Robert G. Natelson ...................................................................................................................................................................................................120 Did the Constitution Grant the Federal Government Eminent Domain Power?: Using Eighteenth Century Law to Answer Constitutional Questions by Robert