CENSUS OF INDIA 1971 . SERIE_S 17 PllJNJAB ." 'Ml1!:IV,i HOUSING R-EPORT.,~. " TABLES. P. L. SONDHI H. S. KWATRA I _ ,. , of the Indian Administrative Service' of the';,. Punjab Ciyil, Service DIRECTOR OF·CENSUS OPERATIONS 'DEPUTY· DIRECTOR OF CENSUS OPERATIONS PUNIAB PUNJAB , o PUNJAB 33 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS 1971 ~ A M MU 16 0 16 32 M I LES & ~==~==~~~~ KILOM ETR ES 20 o 20 4 0 60 KASHM IR BOU NDARY 1NTE R N ATI ONAL ., ST ATE! U T DISTRI CT U TAH SI L .. STATE CA PI TAL ..... DIST RICT H E A DGUARTRES o 32" TAHSIL " •o R POCKET FO R ROPAR DIST RICT 32" K" KAP URTH AL A JJ o 31 o 31 " , . <. I o P A J P U RA i """. , . , . ~ \ ~ \j "" o 30 o 30 A R "' . 8 . O IS TR ICT HEAOOU A RTER S • litE ALSO T . ... S I L .... ( ... DQ V. R T[R $ o N OT E .- .O~ I N I STR " T ' V E H EA DQU AR T E RS Of P U NJAB ST A TE IS. A T C H AN OICARH (UN I ON T E R. ITOR\, ) 2 9 74° EAST OF GREENWICH BA" O U P ON S.V R.V f; Y O F 1NO I ~ MA P .- I TH THE Pt ~ I S $ I ON O F T H E. SUR V e Y OR GE NERA L. O F I ND'" o GO V ERNM~N T Qf I NO I ~ <;O~YR I C;~ ~ . • 910 CENS US OF INDiA. 1971 A--CBNTERAL GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS The 1971 Census Reports on Punjab will bear ulliJormly S"it's No. J7 and will be published In the following Parta :- PART I-A . General Report PART I-B General Report (Detailed analysis of the Demosraphic. Social, Cultural and Milra­ tion Patterns) PART I-C . Subsidiary Tables PART IJ-A General Population Tables PARTII-B Economic Tables PART II-C(i) Mothertongue,. Religion and Scheduled Caste. and Scheduled Tribes Table. PAllT. n-C(u) Social and Cultural Tables and Fertility Tablet :rAltTm Establishmerit Report and Tables PAllT IV Housing Report and Tables PARTV Special Tables and Ethnographic Notes on Sehcdulcd Cutes and Scheduled Tribes PART VI-A Town Directory ·PARTVI.. B Special Survey Reports on seJected Towns PAR.T VI-C Survey Reports on selected Villa~8 PARTVU' Special Report on Graduates and Technical Personnal PART VUI-A . Administratioll Report-Enun:Letation (for ofticial use OAly) pART vnJ-IJ Administration Jteport-Tabulation (for official use only) PART J!C. Census Atlas PART IX-A Administrative Atlas B-STA'F~ GOVERNMENT PUBLICJ\'l'IONi -,\, PAR.T X District Census Hand·Books f.or ~h district in three Partl- PART A-Village and. Town Directory PART B-Village and Town-wise Primary C~DSU' Abstract PART C-Analytical Report, Administration Statisti.cl and District Census Tables ND1 ••-Parts A and B of the Di.triCft Cemus Hanc:l·book. have been priJlted hl ODO volume. u PREFACE The numbering and listing of houSes is a sine qua non for any.pop$tion_census. To ~nsure a correct count of-population, every individual has to be counted and no one bas to be counted ~or.e than once. In an extended de facto type of census con­ ducted in India, every individual is counted at his place of residence and not at the place of work. It, therefore, becomes imperative to know the. place where people reside. This is done by numbering and listing· all the structures where people reside or which can be used· for residential purposes. 2. At the 1971 Census, the houselisting operation was taken up in February-March, 1970, a .year in advance of the actual census count unlike at the 1961 Census when the house­ listing and censUs count operations were closely dovetailed. The underlying objective in haVing an interval of a year or so w~ (i) to gj.ve adequate time to the Directors of CensUS Opera­ tions to carve out census enumeration blocks on the basis of the hOUselist popula~ion for equitable distribution of workload mnongst the enumerators for completion of the enumeration in time; (ii) to work out the requirement of forms and stationery for enumeration rationally on the basis of the houselist popula­ tion; and (iii) to arrange for\completion of mechanical proces­ sing of the data collected in 'the Houselist and Establishment Schedules well before the gruelling rush of actual census count so that the Organisation could give undivided attention to the se.cond· and ~ost important phase of Oensus, viz., ~pulation count. 3. The 1971 Houselist larg~ly followed the pattern of 1961, except that the census houses. used as 'establishments' were covered in a separate Establishment Schedule in which partieulars of all types of establishments were collected. At the 1961 Census, a few particulars of only manufacturing, processing and servicing establishments were collected iIi the Houselist Schedule itself. The practice of canvassing ullifollll scbedul~, procedures and C9Ilcepts adopted for the. nrst time at the 1961 Census was continued in this Census also. :Pri.or to the 196i Census, differences in procedures. and concep~ l1ad led to non-comparability of data and it was not, -therefore, COllSidered worthwhile to analyse and pubUs.h the data as collected at the- houseiisting operations. C~nsequentlY9 at the planning stage of the 1961 Census, the then Registrar Genetal's proposal to utilise the opportunj.ty· Qf ___house-nwnbering and hQuselisting operations for conducting. virtually sort of a housing census, based on a uniform houselist and uniform set of definiUoll$ and concepts, was, wholly supported by various a~ hoc advisory groups and ultimately by the Government of India. The 1961 Census. experiment proved exceedingly pur­ poseful as the Houselist yielded. some valuable basic data on houaing which was not available hitherto on such an extensive iii scale. Of course, it is true that India· does not undertake a housing census as such. 4. Encouraged by the meaningful results of the experi­ ment made at the 1961 Census, it was suggested at the forma­ tive stages of the' 1971 Census that the scope of the .1961 House.. list _' Schedule should be enlarged so that additional data ~come available for implementing various housing pro- grammes envisaged for improving the housing conditions in the country. The additional questions sought to be incorporated in the 1971 Census Houselist Schedule related to 'age of house·, material of floor, size of rooms, availability of certain basic conveniences such as privy, water supply, electricity. Pretest.,. ing of the draft schedules revealed that the responses to some of these questions like 'age of house' were somewhat ambi­ guous and imprecise. Calculating the floor area w~s time consuming as the necessary expertise to accomplish tlie task was not available. The Planning Commission also advised that collection of data On amenities for rural housing may not be meaningful in the present stage of housing in the rural areas. It was also- eonsidered that in· the case of urban areas, the ~collection of such basic data could more profitably be left to the civic authorities. The end result· of these discussions was , the decision to canvass almost the same Houselist Schedule at the 1971 Census as was canvassed at the 1961 Census. It was felt' th~t it could at least show trends over the decade in the matter of use of houses, material of wall 'and roof" tenure statUs and the congestion of accommodation with refel\ence to the number of rooms .per hou~ehold. The introduction of a separate Establishment Schedule was an important innovatio:Q of the 1971 Census. ., 5. Some of. the improvements effected at this Census include the . application of a practical and rational defini­ tion of a 'census house' (discussed in Chapter I) and, tpe Pr:~_-· cessing of d~ta for the first time in th~ history of Indian Census by ElectronIc Data Processing DeVIce. The. Hous.~list. data were processed on 20 per cent sample basis and Establlshment Schedules on 100 per cent basis. • • . I 6. The data collected at the 1971 Census Houselisling Operation reveal some interes~ing changes haVing taken place during the decade 1960-70 in· respect of use of census houses. c()llStruction, materials used in the walls and roofs of houses. tenure status of households and finally the person-room ratio. These are discussed at length in the subsequent chapters of this Report. Some of the salient, findings are listed belOw : (i) There has been anfncre:ase of about \i~ per cent in . the number of census houses during the decade 1960-70. Corresponding to' 21,82,586 census IV houses returned at 1960, the 1970 ftrure stand. at 31,34,120. " (U) Vacant census houses which. constituted a pr()por­ tion of 87 per .1,000 census houses in 1980 ha\"e been returned in a considerably reduced proportion standing at 67 in 1970. The overall number of vacant census hOuses has slumped by about 13 per cent during the decade 1960-10. (iii) The high tempo of industrialization witne~ in" the State during the last decade is reflected in the proportions of census houses used as workshop-cum-residence and factories, workshop and work-sheds returned at 11 and 23 in 19'70 corresponding to 1 and 12 respectively in 1960. (iv) Census houses used wholly or partly as resi.. dences have been returned almost in the same proportions at both the Censuses. Such c~nsus houses constituted 69.0 per cent·of '. all c~nsus houses in 1960 as against 69.9 per cent in 1970.