East Texas Historical Journal Volume 39 Issue 1 Article 1 3-2001 ETHJ Vol-39 No-1 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation (2001) "ETHJ Vol-39 No-1," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 39 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol39/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME XXXIX 2001 NUMBER 1 HISTORICAL JOURNAL EAST TEXAS IDSTORICAL ASSOCIATION 2000-2001 OFFICERS Linda S. Hudson President Kenneth E. Hendrickson., Ir First Vice President 1Y ~on Second Vice President Portia L. Gordon Secretary-Treasurer DIRECTORS Janet G. Brandey Fouke. AR 2001 Kenneth Durham Longview 2001 Theresa McGintey ~ Houston 2001 Willie Earl TIndall San Augustine 2002 Donald Walker Lubbock 2002 Cary WlI1tz Houston 2002 R.G. Dean Nacogdoches 2oo3 Sarah Greene Gilmer 2003 Dan K. Utley Ptlugerville 2003 Donald Willett Galveston ex-President Patricia KeU BaylOWIl ex-President EDITORIAL BOARD ~~::o':;a:~~.~~:::~::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~U:~ Garna L. Christian Houston Ouida Dean '" Nacogdocbes Patricia A. Gajda 1Yler Robert W. Glover F1int Bobby H. Johnson Nacogdochcs Patricia ](ell Baytown Max S. Late Fort Worth Chuck Parsons , Luling Fred Tarpley Commeree Archie P. McDonald EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND EDITOR Mark D. Barringer ASSOCIATE EDITOR MEMBERSHIP INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS pay $100 annually LIFE MEMBERS pay $300 or more BENEFAcrOR pays $100, PATRON pays $50 annually STUDENT MEMBERS pay $12 annually FAMILY MEMBERS pay $35 annually REGULAR MEMBERS pay $25 annually Journals $7.50 per copy P.O. Box 6223 Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches, TX 75962 936-468-2407 e-mail: [email protected] http://leonardo.sfasu.eduletha © Copyright 2001 XXXIX - No. 1 - East Texas Historical Association EAST TEXAS mSTORICAL JOURNAL Volume XXXIX 2001 NUMBER 1 CONTENTS JANE MCMANUS STORM CAZNEAU AND THE GALVESTON BAY AND TEXAS LAND COMPANY by Lind£J S. Hudson , 3 MRS. GENERAL PICKETT AND MARSHALL by Max S. Lale , 17 BUILDING AND SELLING THE NAACP: LULU B. WHITE AS AN ORGANIZER AND MOBILIZER by Merline Pitre 22 WOMEN IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: JUANITA CRAFT VERSUS THE DALLAS ELITE by Stefanie Decker 33 THE PRICE OF EXCLUSION: DALLAS MUNICIPAL POLICY AND ITS IMPACT ON AFRICAN AMERICANS by Patricia E. Gower 43 4:\\234 COMMUNlCATIONS ¢~"": '::..6.... 55 by Russell Rulau <:>...,., .J'\ c"C:' ~ t.r f{; J4N ~ ~ BEST OF EAST TEXAS AWARD r-..:.:, E.'::; --::-t){)1 ~ 61 C'\..I F?.. ,_.-. LD \,.., ,~ BOOK NOTES C'>..J ..RiJrJItW...............0 .. ~ 62 by Archie P. McDonald ~ • teen Lib ........ '~ SFASU fa/} ~ BOOK REVIEWS ~~.~?; \~ , 68 ·~/c?D26l8 \ ).\~ Archie P. McDonald, Executive Director and Editor Mark D. Barringer, Associate Editor STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY P.o. BOX 6223 NACOGDOCHES, TEXAS 75962 936-468-2407 e-mail: [email protected] http://lconardo.sfasu. edu/etha 2 EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION BOOKS REVIEWED Chipman/Joseph, Notable Men and Women ofSpanish Texas by F.E. Abernethy Jackson, Texa.~ by Tenin: The Diary Kept by General Manuel de Mier y Teran on his 1828 Inspection ofTexas hy F.E. Abernethy Hipp, The Oldest Ranch in Texas: Rancho de fa Puri.~ima Concepcion, A Ranch on the Road 10 HisTOry by Lawrence Clayton Weddle, The San SaM Mission: Spanish Pivot ill Texas by Fred Allison Stockel, Chiricahua Apache Women and Children: Safekeepers of the Heritage by Daniel J. Gelo Petrick, Jane Long ofTexas, J79R-/880 by Margaret Swett Henson Guthrie, Raw.' Frontier, Volume Two: Survival to Prosperity Alonl{ the Texas Coastal Rend by Charles D. Spurlin Everett, Chaplain Davis and Hood'~' Texas Brigade by Jonathan Hood Davis, Texans In Gray: A Regimental History ofthe Civil ll'llr by Fred McKenzie McGowen, Horse Sweat and Powder Smoke: The First Texas Cavalry in the Civil Wnr by Milton S. Jordan Smith, The OldAnn)' in Texa.l": A Research Guide to the u.s. Anny in Ninefl'l!nth-Century Texas by Robert Wooster Timmons, James Wiley Magoffin: Don S£lntiago-El Paso Pioneer by John P. Wilson Cline. Storms, Flonds and Sunshine, An Autobiography by Theresa Kurk McGinley Grcen, Story (~f the 1900 Galveston Hurricane by Darrel L. McDonald Wolff, Indianola and Matagorda Island, 1837-1887 by Slefanie Lee Decker Czech Heritage Society of Texas, Te.xa.~ Veterans of Czech Ancest1)' by Clinton Machann McQueen. Black Churches in Texas: A Guide to Historic Congregarions by Milton S. Jordan Obadele-Starks, Black Unionism in the Industrial South by Cary D. Wintz Massey, Black Cowboys of Texa.~ by Barry A. Crouch Neill, Infantry SoLdier: Holding the Line at the Rattle ofthe Bulge by Max. S. Lale Garcia. Viva Kennedy: Mexican Americans in Search ofCamelot by Jorge Iber Crawford, Frankie: Mrs. R.D. Randolph and Texas Liberal Politin by Ben Proctcr JonesfWinegarten, Capitol Women: TeXiJs Female Legislators, 1923-/999 by Priscilla Myers Benham Smallwood, The History of Smith County, Texas: Born in Dixie, Volumi.'.s } and 2 by Bob Bowman Hicks, A \M:dk Through Mt. Vernon: A Hi~·tory by Fred McKenzie Davis, Under the Man-FiK hy W. Dale Hearell Olien/Olien, Oil and Ide0 lORY: The Cultural Creation of rht' Amaican Petroleum Indtlsrry by Mark D. Barringer Lehrer, Bring 'Em Back Alive: The Best ofFrank Buck by Bill O'Neal Abernethy. Built in Texas by R.G. Dean Valenza, Taking the Waters in Texas: Springs, Sptl.'\, and Fountains afYouth by Wanda Landrey Huser, Rivers ofTexas by c.P. Barton Henson, McKinne...... Falls by Paul M. Lucko Kelton. Dark Thicket by Robert W. Glover Hatley, Texas Constables: A Fmlltier Heritage by Bob Bowman Grauer/Grauer, rJictionar.v ofTexas Anists, 1ROO-1945 by Carol Morris I.ittle EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 3 JANE MCMANUS STORM CAZNEAU AND THE GALVESTON BAY AND TEXAS LAND COMPANY by Linda S. Hudson Although several publications focus on her activities during the Mexican­ American War, little has been written about Jane Cazneau's early years in Texas or her experiences with the Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company.l Jane Maria Eliza McManus was born April 6, 1807, near Troy, New York. Her parents, William and Catherine Coons McManus, a local politician and his wife, were of New York Irish and Palatine pioneer stock who had migrated to British America decades before the French and Indian War and settled along the Hudson River. Her fonnal education began at age five under the direction of Sarah Starr in Connecticut. In 1823 she entered Emma Willard's Troy Female Seminary, but instead of completing her studies, married Allen B. Stann in 1825, and they had a son, William M. Storm, the following year. For reasons that remain unknown the couple moved to New York City where the marriage failed. In 1832, Jane McManus, using her maiden name, kept books for Anthony Dey, director of the Galveston Bay and Texa.'i Land Company. Women did not typically work in offices at that time but the names and addresses of the Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company stockholders, the amount of stock they held, and company expenses were entered in Jane's distinctive hand­ writing. According to witnesses, she visited Aaron Burr's office in the evenings where she rranslated promotional materials on Texas into the German Language.1 Alarmed at the influx of Americans into Texas, the Mexican government had restricted immigration from the United States with the Law of April 6, 1830, and only Europeans or Mexicans were to settle in Texas. In October 1830. Dey had combined the empresario grants of an American, David G. Burnet, a Gennan, Joseph Vehlein, and a Mexican, Lorenzo de Zavala, and formed the Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company. Dey's company, consisting of financial backers from New York and Boston, controlled thirteen million acres covering twenty present-day East Texas counties in an area that stretched from Louisiana westward to the Brazos River and from the Gulf of Mexico to north of Nacogdoches. Although it was illegal under Mexican law, company representatives sold land scrip for five cents an acre to prospective settlers who reserved the right to settle a certain number of acres within the area. The Mexican government had issued the Vehlein Grant and the Austin and Williams grant that replaced the expired Rohert Leftwich grant for German immigrants. Lorenzo de Zavala, stockholder and Mexican minister to France, promoted Texas land to perspective Gennan, Swiss, and French colonists.' In September and October 1832, Jane McManus and her younger brother, Robert. purchased Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company scrip. Robert's certificates were sent to Troy in care of a family friend, United States Senator William L. Marcy. Jane McManus then proposed to the company trustees that she sell scrip in England and Ireland while Robert served as company agent and surveyor in Texas. Dey issued her a power of attorney to do so but the other trustees, William H. Sumner and George Curtis, rejected her offer. They Linda S. Hudson, Ph.D., is A~si~·tant Professor nf History at East Texas Bap/isl UniJ.'esity, Mars-haN. Texas. Her biof(raphy ofJane Cazneau will he published by the Texas State Historical Annciarion. 4 EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCiATION recommended that Robert be hired as a surveyor for George N. Nixon, the company's agent in Nacogdoches.4 The list or Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company stockholders did not include Aaron Burr or Jane's father, William McManus, but contains other familiar persons.5 STOCKHOLDERS IN GALVESTON BAY AND TEXAS LAND COMPANY NAME ADDRESS SHARES Allen, Moses 47 Wall 10 Allen, Gilbert 51 Wall 10 Anthone, Theoppiley 240 Front 2 Austin, Thomas (T.E.