AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES This section provides a compilation ot natural histo- and no breeding populations are known to exist. We rles, distributions, and habitat associations for the 26 am- have also omitted the rough green snake (Opheodrys phibians and 30 reptiles occurring in New England. The aestivus)-although two records exist tor Connecticut, distributions of several s~eciesare not well known in no breeding populations are known. New England-maps need to be up-dated periodically. Species are listed in phylogenetic order. Measure- Nomenclature follows that of Collins and others (1982): ment units here are as reported in the original work. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for When the original work used English units, metric equiv- North American Amphibians and Reptiles. alents have been supplied. Variations in development We have included the mudpuppy (Necturus m, rna- and hatching times for a species may be attributed to ge- culosus) and red-eared slider (Pseudemys scripta ele- netic and environmental factors. Although key reter- gans), introduced species that have established popula- ences are given for each species, the species accounts tions in parts of the region. We have omitted the eastern point up many gaps in our knowledge of amphibians and mud turtle fKinosternon s. subrubrum) because Con- reptiles. necticut individuals are believed to haie been released Species and Subspecies Caudata Emydidae Necturidae Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guffafa) . .72 Mudpuppy (Necfurus m. maculosus) . .39 Bog Turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii) . .73 Ambystomatidae Wood Turtle (Clemmys insculpta) . .75 Marbled Salamander (Ambystoma opacum) . .40 Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene c. caroiina) . .77 Jefferson Salamander (Ambystoma Map Turtle (Grapfemys geographica) . .78 jeffersonian um) . .41 Red-eared Slider (Pseudemys scripfa Silvery Salamander (Ambystoma plafineum) . .43 elegans) ................................79 Blue-spotted Salamander (Ambystoma Plymouth Redbelly Turtle (Pseudemys laterale) . .44 rubriven fris bangsi) . .80 Tremblay's Salamander (Ambystoma Eastern Painted Turtle (Chrysemysp. picfa) . .81 fremblayi) . .45 Midland Painted Turtle (Chrysemys Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma picta marginafa) . .82 maculafum) . .46 Blandinq's Turtle (Emydoidea blandingii) . .83 Salamandridae Red-spotted Newt (Nofophthalmus v. Trionychidae viridescens) . .48 Eastern Spiny Softshell (Trionyx s. Plethodontidae spiniferus) . .84 Northern Dusky Salamander (Desmognafhus f. fuscus) . -50 Squamata Mountain Dusky Salamander (Desmognafhus Lacertilia ochrophaeus) ...........................52 Scincidae Redback Salamander (Plefhodon cinereus) . .53 Five-lined Skink (Eumeces fasciafus) . .85 Slimy Salamander (Plefhodon g. glufinosus) . .55 Four-toed Salamander (Hemidacfylium Serpentes scutafum) . .56 Colubridae Northern Spring Salamander (Gyrinophilus Northern Water Snake (Nerodia s. sipedon) . .86 p. porph yrificus) . -57 Northern Brown Snake (Storeria d. dekayi) . .87 Northern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea Northern Redbelly Snake (Storeria o. b. bislineafa) . .58 occipifomaculafa) . .88 Anura Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis s. sirtalis) . .89 Pelobatidae Maritime Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirfalis Eastern Spadefoot [Scaphiopus h. holbrookii) . .59 pallidula) . .90 Bufonidae Eastern Ribbon Snake ( Thamnophis s. Eastern American Toad (Bufo a. americanus) . .60 sauritus) . .9 1 Fowler's Toad (Bufo woodhousiifowleri) . .61 Northern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis saurifus Hylidae sepfentrionolis) . .92 Northern Spring Peeper (Hyla c. crucifer) . .62 Eastern Hognose Snake (Heterodon Gray Treefrog (Hyla versicolor) . .63 plafyrhinos) . .93 Ranidae Northern Ringneck Snake (Diadophis Bullfrog (Rcma cafesbeiana) . .64 puncfafus edwardsi) . .94 Green Frog (Rana clamitans melanofa) . .65 Eastern Worm Snake (Carphophis a. Mink Frog (Rana sepfenfrionalis) . .66 amoenus) ...............................95 Wood Frog (Rana sylvafica) . .67 Northern Black Racer (Coluber c. consfrictor) . .96 Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) . .68 Eastern Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys v. Pickerel Frog (Rana palustris) . .69 vernalis) . .97 Black Rat Snake (Elaphe o, obsoleta) . .98 Testudines Eastern Milk Snake (Lampropelfis t. Chelydridae frianaulum)- . .99 Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra s. Viperidae serpenfina) . .70 Northern Copperhead (Agkistrodon Kinosternidae con tortrix mokeson) . -. , . 100 Stinkpot (Sfernofherus odoratus) . .7 1 Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) . 101 SPECIES OCCURRENCE AND UTILIZATION. BY HABITAT FORESTED C (I) SPECIES Special habitat needs a 3 In F 7--. SS StL SSpStL SSpStL Marbled Salamander Woodland ponds or swamps for Ambystoma opacum breeding I I Jefferson Salamander Temporary pools for breeding Ambystoma ieffersonianum I I Silvery Salamander Temporary pools for breeding Ambystoma platineum R Blue.spotted Salamander Ponds or semi-permanent water Ambystoma lalerale for breeding B Tremblay's Salamander Woodland ponds for breeding Ambystoma tremblayi El Spotted Salamander Mesic woods. semi-permanent Ambystoma maculatum water (pH 7-91 for breeding I I Red-spotted Newt Water with aquatic vegetation for Notophthalmus v. viridescens adult newt I I Northern Dusky Salamander Permanent woodland streams or 1E.I 1 I ( I Desmognathus f fuscus seeps II I Mountain Dusky Salamander Woodland seeps. springs or Desmognathus ochrophaeus streams I I u Redback Salamander Logs. stumps. rocks. etc. Plethodon cinereus El Slimy Salamander Rock outcroppings. logs within Plethodon g. glutinosus wooded areas I I 0 'D c0 SPECIES Special habitat needs a 3 0 X m jSpSt L SSpSt 1 Four-toed Salamander Wet woodlands Hemidactylium scutatum Northern Spring Salamander Streams. seeps or springs Gyrinophilus p. porphyriticus Northern Two-lined Salamander Streams for breeding Eurycea b bislineata Eastern Spadefoot Sandy solls. temporary pools for Scaphiopus h. holbrookii breeding Eastern Amerlcan Toad Bufo a. americanus Fowler's Toad Sandy soils. shallow water for Bufo woodhousii fowleri breeding Northern Spring Peeper Pools for breeding Hyla c. crucifer Gray Treefrog Seeps, aquatic sltes for breeding Hyla versicolor Bullfog Deep permanent water with Rana ca tesbeiana floating and emergent vegetatlor Green Frog Riparian habitat Rana clamitans melanora Mmk Frog Permanent ponds with lily pads Rana septentrionalis 0 0 C SPECIES Special habitat needs 03 (D Wood Frog Vernal woodland pools. Rana sylval~ca backwaters of slow-mov~ng streams Northern Leopard Frog Wet meadows Rana pipiens Pickerel Frog Shallow. clear water of bogs or Rana palustris woodland streams s spst L BE£3E£3thlH Northern Ringneck Snake Mesic conditions with abundant Diadophis punctatus edwardsr cover Hem. mm Eastern Worm Snake Loose soils for burrowing or Carphophis a. amoenus 8BHBH orthern Black Racer oluber c. constrictor BE£££lE£££I.EH HtttlHWH HrnrnWm3 BHEeBE£€I orthern Copperhead Rocky hillsides. talus slopes gkistrodon contortrix rnokeson mber Rattlesnake Rock ledges on forested hillsides otalus horridus E4l£m~~ Other I Special habitat SPECIES needs MU~PUPPY Flowing water at least 3 feet Necturus m. rnaculosus deep for breeding. Marbled Salamander Woodland ponds or swamps Ambystoma opacum for breeding. Jefferson Salamander Temporary pools for breeding. Ambystoma jellersOnianum S~lverySalamander Temporary pools for breeding. Ambystoma platrneum Blue-spotted Salamander Ponds or semi-permanent Ambystoma laterale water for breeding. Tremblay's Salamander Woodland ponds for breeding. Ambystoma tremblayi Spotted Salamander Mesic woods, semi-permanent Ambystoma maculatum water (pH7-9) for breeding. Red-spotted Newt Water with aquatic vegetation Notophthalmus v. vir~descens for adult newt. Northern Dusky Salamander Permanent woodland streams Desmognathus f. fuscus or seeps. Mountain Dusky Salamander Woodland seeps, springs Desmognathus ochrophaeus or streams. Redback Salamander Logs. stumps. rocks. etc. Plethodon cinereus Wetland/Dee~Water other 1 r Palustrine 0 er 8 5 Special habitat a SPECIES needs 0 (D Slimy Salamander Rock outcroppings, logs Plethodon g. glutrnosus w~thinwooded areas. Four-toed Salamander Hemidactylium Scutatum Wet Northern Spring Salamander Gyrinophilus p. porphyriticos Streams, seeps Or springs Northern Two-lined Salamander Streams for breedlng Eurycea b. bislineata Eastern Spadefoot Sandy soils, temporary pools Scaphiopus h. holbrookii tor breeding. Eastern American Toad Bufo a, americanus Fowler's Toad Sandy soils, shallow water Bufo woodhousii lowleri for breeding. Northern Spring Peeper pools for breeding Hyla c. crucifer Gray Treefrog Seeps. aquatic sites for breeding. Hyla versicolor Bullfrog Deep permanent water with Rana catesbeiana floating andemergentvegetation. Green Frog Rana clamitans melanota Riparian habitat Wetland/Deep Water Terrestrial I 11-11 Special habitat SPECIES needs c m Mink Frog Permanent ponds with Illy pads. Rana septentrionalis Wood Frog Vernal woodland pools, backwaters Rana sylvatica of slow-moving streams. Northern Leopard Frog Wet meadows. Rana pipiens Pickerel Frog Shallow, clear water of bogs a a * Rana palustris or woodland streams. B-: m HE EEW BE£%£%£B FFFFfi BE EEH B=- ;m .B= m aG, Terrestrial WetlandIDeeo Water Other Palustrine Riverine [I) Common Snapping Turtle Aquatic habitat, sandy orgravelly Chelydra s. serpentma so11or banks. Stinkpot Permanent water bodles. entlrely Sternot.3erus odoratus aquatic except when laying eggs. Spotted Turtle Unpolluted shallow water Clemmys guttata Bog Turtle Wet meadow ~nfull sun Clernmys muhlenberg!~ I I Wood Turtle Wooded