Republic of Yemen TNC-BUR Mapping of Shoreline Topography Along The Coastline of Yemen Final Report Dr.Kadri AbdulBaki Ahmed (head of the team)* Feb. 2018 *Professor of physical geography Aden University EM: [email protected] Contributors • Dr. Gamal Bawazeer (Head of Marine Ecology Center EM: [email protected] • Dr. Fuad Al-Qadasy (Renewed Natural Recourses Center of General Authority of Agriculture Development) EM: [email protected] • AbolGhaith, G. PhD student, GIS&RS Expert EM: [email protected] Project Description Project Title: Third National Communication and First Biennial Update Report Job Title: Mapping of Shoreline Topography Along The Coastline of Yemen Project Number: 00088711 Contracts No.: IC 0043/2017 Duration: 4 Months Starting Date: 09/11/2017 Duty Station: Home based 1 Acknowledgement The authors would like to express their deepest appreciation to all those who provided them the possibility to achieve and complete this report. The authors first gratefully acknowledge the UNDP leaders in Sanaa Yemen, especially those who deserve our greatest gratitude, namely : Hyewon Jung, Team Leader, Economic Resilience and Recovery Unit (ERRU), UNDP CO/YE, Fuad Ali Abdullah, Deputy Team Leader, Economic Resilience and Recovery Unit (ERRU), UNDP CO/YE and Bushra Al-Shirae, Programme Analyst, Economic Resilience and Recovery Unit (ERRU), UNDP CO/YE. The authors would like also to thank Associate Dr. Ameen Ali Mohamed member of geography department, Aden University for his support and encouragement. Eng. Ahmed .R. An Nasiri for his assistance in drawing geologic and land cover maps We also greatly appreciate and thank the team of UNDP in Aden for their security care through project time namely: Mohammed Alsoufi - local Security Associate, Ahmed Al Amodi Admin Assistant and Khulood Sheikh Programme Coordinator. Last but not least, a sincere thank is addressed to Mr. Anwar Abdul Aziz Noaman, Project Manager, TNC-BUR , UNDP / Ye, for his efficient support and feedback. 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations a.s.l. above sea level BUR Biennial Update Report COP Conference of Parties CTM Coastal Topographic Map CZM Coastal Zone Management CZM Coastal Zone Management DSAS Digital Shoreline Analysis System EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EPA Environmental Protection Authority EPA Environmental Protection Authority FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GEF Global Environment Facility GOA Gulf Of Aden INC Initial National Communication IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LCC Land Cover Change LCCS Land Cover Classification System LNG liquefied natural gas NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action PCDP Port Cities Development Program PERSGA Protection of the Environment of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience SLRT Sea level Rise Trend SNC Second National Communication SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SSH Sea Surface Height SSS Sea Surface Salinity SST Sea Surface Temperature SWH Significant Wave Height TNC Third National Communication TOR Terms of Reference UNDB United Nations Development Program UNFCCC United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change WB World Bank 3 Contents Contributors ............................................................................................................... 1 Project Description..................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................... 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................... 3 List of Figures: ........................................................................................................... 7 List of Tables ............................................................................................................. 9 Exclusive Summary ................................................................................................. 10 18 ................................................................................................................. موجز تنفيذي Chapter 1 : Introduction ................................................................................... 25 1.1 Scope of Work ....................................................................................................... 25 1.2. Objectives ......................................................................................................... 26 1.3. Previous Studies ................................................................................................ 27 1.4. Material and Methodology ................................................................................ 28 Chapter two: Spatial Background .................................................................... 31 2.1. Study Area ............................................................................................................ 31 2.2. Geologic Formations ............................................................................................. 32 2.3. Land forms ............................................................................................................ 35 2.4. General Climatology ............................................................................................. 39 2.4.1. Temperature ....................................................................................................... 40 2.4.2.Rainfall ................................................................................................................ 41 2.4.3. Wind speed......................................................................................................... 43 2.4.4.Relative Humidity ............................................................................................... 44 2.5. Environment and Coastal Habitats........................................................................ 44 2.6. Oceanography ....................................................................................................... 49 2.6.1. Sea Surface Temperatures.................................................................................. 52 2.6.2. Tidal Amplitude ................................................................................................. 54 2.6.3. Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) ................................................................................. 54 2.6.4. Sea-surface height ( SSH ) ................................................................................. 55 2.6.4. Sea Level Rise.................................................................................................... 57 2.7. Population ......................................................................................................... 58 2.8. Economy ........................................................................................................... 60 2.8.1. Port Cities....................................................................................................... 61 2.8.2. Fishing............................................................................................................ 63 4 Chapter Three: Land cover and land Cover Change ..................................... 66 3.1. Baseline Land Cover ............................................................................................. 66 3.1.1. Loose and Shifting Sands............................................................................... 67 3.1.2. Bare Rocks of very stony soils pure and associated with other types ........... 69 3.1.3. Salt Flat Areas .................................................................................................... 71 3.1.4. Cereals pure and combined with other trees ...................................................... 72 3.1.5. Natural Vegetation ............................................................................................. 72 3.1.6. Other limited land cover types ........................................................................... 73 3.2. Land Cover - Land use Changes ........................................................................... 77 3.2.1. Materials and Methods ....................................................................................... 77 3.2.2. Results and discussions ...................................................................................... 78 Chapter Four: Coastal Topographic Maps and sensitive low land Areas .... 84 4.1. Coastal Zone Topographic Maps ...................................................................... 86 Coastal Topographic Map -1- Hajjah Gov................................................................... 86 Coastal Topographic Map -2-Al Hudaydah Gov. ........................................................ 87 Coastal Topographic Map -3- Al Hudaydah Gov. and parts of Taiz Gov. .................. 88 Coastal Topographic Map -4-Taiz Gov. ...................................................................... 89 Coastal Topographic Map -6-Aden Gov...................................................................... 91 Coastal Topographic Map -7-Abyan Gov.................................................................... 92 Coastal Topographic Map -8-Shabwah Gov................................................................ 93 Coastal Topographic Map -9-Hadramaut Gov. (west) ................................................ 94 Coastal Topographic Map -10- Hadramaut Gov. (east)............................................... 95 Coastal Topographic