State of New Mexico Office of the Attorney General SEARCH AND SEIZURE FOR POLICE AND PROSECUTORS Checklists and Case law Summaries TABLE OF CONTENTS HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL ..............................................................................................................1 SEARCH WARRANT AFFIDAVITS .......................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................3 ENDNOTES ................................................................................................................5 REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL AFFIDAVITS ..................................................................................6 OUTLINE ...................................................................................................................6 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................8 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................12 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMANTS ..............................................................................................15 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................15 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................17 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................20 CITIZEN-INFORMANTS ........................................................................................................22 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................22 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................24 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................26 ANONYMOUS INFORMANT OR CRIMESTOPPERS TIP ............................................................27 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................27 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................29 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................30 CONTROLLED BUY ..............................................................................................................31 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................31 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................32 i ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................33 POLICE INVESTIGATION OR REPORTS .................................................................................34 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................34 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................35 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................37 EXECUTING A SEARCH WARRANT ..................................................................................................39 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................39 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................40 MEETING THE KNOCK AND ANNOUNCE REQUIREMENT ......................................................41 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................41 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................43 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................47 DETAINING AND SEARCHING PEOPLE ON THE PREMISES TO BE SEARCHED .........................50 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................50 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................51 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................53 SEIZURE OF ITEMS FOUND IN PLAIN VIEW ..........................................................................55 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................55 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................56 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................58 WARRANTLESS SEARCHES AND SEIZURES ......................................................................................60 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................60 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................62 CONSENT TO STOP AND SEARCH .........................................................................................65 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................65 ii SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................67 I. CONSENSUAL ENCOUNTERS. ...........................................................67 II. CONSENSUAL SEARCHES. ................................................................67 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................71 STOPPING A PERSON OR VEHICLE .......................................................................................74 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................74 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................77 I. COMMUNITY CARETAKING ENCOUNTERS. .......................................77 II. INVESTIGATORY STOPS. ..................................................................78 III. BORDER STOPS AND OTHER ROADBLOCKS. ...................................82 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................84 SEARCHING A PERSON ........................................................................................................90 OUTLINE .................................................................................................................90 SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................92 I. PAT DOWNS. ....................................................................................92 II. SEARCH OF A PERSON INCIDENT TO ARREST. ...................................94 III. INVENTORY SEARCH OF A PERSON. ..................................................96 ENDNOTES ..............................................................................................................98 SEARCHING A VEHICLE .....................................................................................................102 OUTLINE ...............................................................................................................102 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................106 I. SEARCH OF A VEHICLE INCIDENT TO ARREST. ................................106 II. INVENTORY SEARCH OF AN IMPOUNDED VEHICLE. ........................106 III. SEARCH OF A VEHICLE BASED ON PROBABLE CAUSE PLUS EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES. ...................................................109 iii IV. SEARCH OF A VEHICLE DURING A BORDER PATROL STOP. .............................................................................................111 V. SEIZING CONTRABAND OR OTHER EVIDENCE IN PLAIN VIEW DURING A WARRANTLESS SEARCH OF A VEHICLE. .......................................................................................112 SEARCHING A PLACE .........................................................................................................119 OUTLINE ...............................................................................................................119 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................124 I. SEARCH INCIDENT TO ARREST. ......................................................124 II. EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE DOCTRINE.............................................125 III. PROBABLE CAUSE PLUS EXIGENT CIRCUMSTANCES. ......................126 IV. SEARCHING A STUDENT ON SCHOOL PREMISES. .............................129