Sex Offenders “101 5/31/2019 1968 to 2018 ‐ 50 Years! “Sex Offenders 101” Rapists, Child Molesters A Historical Perspective and Other Sex Offenders We are starting to forget what we previously learned! Some of it was wrong, but some of it was Cory Jewell Jensen, M.S. right! CBI Consulting, Inc. Some of you haven’t been exposed to this information before and it is important to your work. [email protected] Our field has moved on to bigger and “better” things. 1 2 Sex Offenders Types of Sex Offenders/ Are Not All the Same Sex Crimes “Hands On” Traffickers Heterogeneous group that come in all shapes and sizes Rapists Profiteers/Prostitution Variety of histories and risk levels (low, medium and high) Intimate partner Sexual assaulters Different treatment/supervision needs in the community Gang Rape Non‐human or living Drug Fac ilita te d Complex etiologies Beastiality Elder Abuse/Disabilities Children with sexual behavior problems Necrophilia Patient Abuse “Hands Off” Sexually reactive children Prison Rape Exhibitionists/flashers Youth with sexual behavior problems Rape III offenders Voyeurs/peepers Adult sex offenders Child molesters Encouraging Child Pedophiles (30%) Child molestation, pedophilia, sexual assault, rape, Pornography Offenders CP Producers/Luring exhibitionism, voyeurism, bestiality and internet Users who access and Sexual sadists trade crimes against children. 3 4 Rates of Child Sexual Abuse More Stats: Sexual Assault/CSA One is 5 women (20%) and one in 71 (1.4%) men The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study raped during lifetime (Black, 2011). (ACES, 1998) with more than 17, 000 HMO 28% to 33% of adult women and 12‐18% of adult members indicated that 24.7% (1 in 4) of men reported CSA (Hall, 2011). women and 16% (1 in 6.25) of men reported One in 16 males are sexually assaulted during being sexually abused. college (Fisher, 2000). One out of 10 women sexually assaulted by an intimate partner (Breidling, 2015). 70% of rapes never reported (Rennison, 2002). 5 6 Cory Jewell Jensen, M.S. 1 Sex Offenders “101 5/31/2019 Selection, Engagement and Seduction of PROTECTING YOUR CHILDREN: Children and Adult by Child Molesters, (Jewell Jensen, Jensen & Bailey, 2002 “Advice From Child Molesters” 1989 Sex Offender Group Why does grooming work? Westridge Elementary Most adult don’t know what to look for. School and LO PD Most adults don’ t want to see it or believe it. Washington County Sheriff’s Office How does grooming work? Oregon State & USA By targeting specific children, families and communities to exploit. “No one wants to have to tell their children about Seducing the child/ren and adults. sexual abuse. On the other Preparing for disclosure/confrontation hand, do you want them to learn about it from a child Learning from experience. molester instead?” 7 8 Research on Grooming 80’s to now Few Victims Disclose or Identified How Sex Offenders “Lure” Children A comparative study of (Lang & Frenzel, 1988) demographic data related to intra What Sex Offenders Tell Us About –and extra‐familial child sexual Approximately 40% of child victims are asymptomatic Prevention Strategies abusers and professional (American Psychological Association, 2014). ((,Conte, Wolf & Smith, 1989) perpetrators. (Sullivan & Beech, Modus Operandi: Accuracy in self‐ 2004) reported use of threats and Modus Operandi of Sexual Only 5% to 13% of children told anyone they were being coercion. (Kaufman et al. 1993) Offenders Working or Doing abused (London, 2005). Child Sexual Abuse Prevention: Volunteer Work with Children and What Offenders Tell Us. Adolescents (Leclerc, et al. 2005) Only 12% of CSA reported (US Dept of Justice, 1992‐2002). ( Elliot & Brown, et al., 1995) Examining the modus operandi of sexual offenders against children Child Sexual Abuse: Offender Characteristics and Modus and it’s practical implication Of the cases reported, only 30% result in arrest (Finkelhor, Operandi (Smallbone & Wortley, (Leclerec, et al. 2009) 2009). 2001) 9 10 Disclosure/Reporting Rates of CSA Low Rates of Reporting and Delayed Disclosure 2018 ‐ Lahtinen,H., Laitila, A., Korkman , Between 5% and 16% of J., & Ellonen, N. Delays increase with age of victim, closer relationship to children who are being 2017 ‐ laggia, R., Collin‐Vézina, D., & offender, belief that harm “will come to others,” and sexually abused disclose. Lateef, R. 2016 ‐ Münzer, A., Fegert, J. M., Ganser, feelings of responsibility/compliance (Goodman‐Brown, H. G., Loos, S., Witt, A., & Gold, L. et al, 2003). Between 10% and 12% of 2015 ‐ Collin‐Vézina, D., De La Delays increased by grooming and instrusiveness of disclosures were reported to Sablonnière‐Grin, M., Palmer, A. authorities. M., & Milne, L. abuse (Hershkowitz, 2006) 2014 ‐ Foster, J. M., & Hagedorn, W. B. Victim resistance (44%), passive (51%) or 2008 ‐ Sorsoli, L., Kia‐Keating, M., & compliant/cooperative (62%) Grossman, F. K. 2007 ‐ Hershkowitz, I., Lanes, O., & Lamb, Exposure (36%), fondling (55%), penetration (68%). M. E. 2005 ‐ London. S. 2000‐ Smith. R. 11 12 Cory Jewell Jensen, M.S. 2 Sex Offenders “101 5/31/2019 Empirical Studies into the True Department of Education Study Rates of False Allegations in CSA United Kingdom, 2016 Trocme, N. & Bala, N. (authors of three large scale Interviewed 2,504 adults national Canadian studies that took place between One third said they have suspected child abuse and failed 1994 and 2005) to report it. Rate of false allegations in cases of CSA was 2%‐6%. 36%‐37% of those who failed said reporting would be “more challenging that delivering news about the death of False allegation rates in physical abuse/neglect =4% a friend or family member or reporting a crime committed Rate of false allegations that arose during custody by a family member. disputes was 12% Fear about possibly “misreading” the situation or “wrongly False allegations were more frequently made by a non‐ accusing the person were deterrents to reporting. custodial parent, usually a father (15%) than custodial parent or mother (2%). 13 14 More under detection False Allegations in Rape Cases Simons, Heil and “While attrition rates Study of 2.059 cases from eight U.S. communities English (2004) found (the dropping of a legal found a false allegation rate of 7.1% (Longsway, that only 5% of rapes case by authorities, for Archambault and Lisak, 2009). and child sexual various reasons) assaults that were self‐ occurs for all types of Study of 136 rape/sexual cases in Massachusetts reported by offenders offenses, it appears to found a 5.9% false allegation rate (Heenan & in treatment had be particularly Murry, 2006) previously been pronounced for sexual identified. crimes and offenders” (Gelb, 2007). 15 16 Scientifically Rigorous Studies on Myths vs Reality Adult Sexual Assault Victoria Police, Australia “Real Rape” Reality British Home Office 2003 Most rapists are 2005 Involves a stranger 850 cases friends/acquaintances 2,643 Weapons 2.1% classified as false. No weapons/injuries Toronto Metropolitan 2.5% clfdlassified as flfalse Injuries to victim British Home Office, Drug/alcohol Police 1992 Hysteria 1977 Few victims report 116 cases 348 cases No prior history of Often vulnerable & 6% classified as false. 8.3% classified as false victimization symptomatic Making a Difference” study Suspect is a loser May confuse facts Date unknown 2,059 cases Suspect looks normal 7% classified as false. 17 18 Cory Jewell Jensen, M.S. 3 Sex Offenders “101 5/31/2019 2 out of every 100 rapists will serve time. 32 will be reported to police Justice Department, CVS (2008 to 2012). 7 will be arrested FBI UifUniform CiCrime RtReports, AtArrest DtData (2006‐2010). 3 will be referred to prosecutors FBI Uniform Crime Reports, Arrest Data (2006‐2010). 2 will be convicted. US Department of Justice, Felony Defendants in Large Urban Counties ,2009. 2 will serve jail time. US Department of Justice, Felony Defendants in Large Urban Counties, 2009. 19 20 Types of Sex Offenders/ Sex Crimes “Hands On” Rapists Traffickers Intimate partner Profiteers/Prostitution Gang Rape Sexual assaulters Drug Facilitated Non‐human Elder Abuse/Disabilities Beastiality Patient Abuse Prison Rape “Hands Off” Rape III offenders Exhibitionists/flashers Child molesters Voyeurs/peepers Pedophiles (30%) Encouraging Child Pornography Offenders Frotteur/frottage Users who access and CP Producers/Luring trade Sexual sadists 21 22 Four Theories About Sexual How people grow up to Aggression in Humans become sex offenders. Biological ‐ Rape is not specific to humans. Sexual preference patterns are usually developed Freund’s theory of “courtship disorders.” during adolescence Social & Cultural – More egg,alitarian, diverse societies report less sexual violence. 35% to 40% of all sexual crimes against children and Criminality –Rape increases with other violent 40% of sexual assaulted are committed by juveniles. crime rates and most rapists are generalists. Sexual Preference –Most sex offenders Adult offenders report that the average age of their demonstrate sexual arousal to and interest in first criminal sex offense was prior to age 12 deviant sexual behavior that may have been been (Ahlmeyer, 2000) and 47% of juvenile SO’s reported “learned” and conditioned. they were offending by age 12 (Burton, 2006). 23 24 Cory Jewell Jensen, M.S. 4 Sex Offenders “101 5/31/2019 Developmental antecedents of sexual How Some People coercion in juvenile sexual