Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessments Shantz Station Pit 1175, 1195 Foerster Road and 1472 Village View Road Township of Woolwich Regional Municipality of Waterloo Part of Lots 81 and 82, German Company Tract Geographic Township of Waterloo Waterloo County, Ontario Prepared for Capital Paving Inc. P.O. Box 815 Guelph, ON N1H 6L8 Tel: (519) 822-4511 Licensed under P.J. Racher MTCS Licence #P007 PIF #P007-0892-2018 ARA File #2018-0098 and #2018-0174 10/05/2019 Original Report Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessments Shantz Station Pit, Township of Woolwich, Regional Municipality of Waterloo i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Under a contract awarded in March 2018, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. carried out Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessments of lands proposed for aggregate extraction and associated infrastructure under the Shantz Station Pit project at 1175, 1195 Foerster Road and 1472 Village View Road in the Township of Woolwich, Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario. The assessments were completed as part of a permit application under the Aggregate Resources Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. A.8, as required by Policy No. 2.01.08 of the Aggregate Resources Policies and Procedures Manual (MNRF 2018). This report documents the background research and fieldwork involved in the assessments, and presents conclusions and recommendations pertaining to archaeological concerns within the assessed lands. The Stage 1 and 2 assessments were conducted in May 2018 under Project Information Form #P007-0892-2018. The investigation encompassed the majority of the licensed boundary, as well as additional adjacent lands that were previously considered for the project. Due to deteriorating field conditions and poor weather, three areas within the licensed boundary were not assessed during the 2018 season and represent outstanding archaeological concerns. Legal permission to enter and conduct all necessary fieldwork activities within the assessed lands was granted by the property owner. At the time of assessment, the study area consisted of agricultural fields, woodlots, an extant farmstead complete with residence, outbuildings and gravel driveway, grassed laneways and the Hopewell Creek riparian zone. The Stage 1 assessment determined that the study area comprised a mixture of areas of archaeological potential and areas of no archaeological potential. The Stage 2 assessment of the identified areas of archaeological potential resulted in the discovery of 11 locations of archaeological materials: Site 1 (AjHc-39), Site 2 (AjHc-40), Site 5 (AjHc-41), Site 7, Site 10, Site 13, Site 14, Site 15, Site 17 and Site 18. These sites can be summarized as follows: • Site 1 (AjHc-39) – a 160 x 101 m scatter of Euro-Canadian artifacts dating from the mid- 1800s to the early 1900s located immediately adjacent to the northern portion of the extant farming complex in the western half of the licensed boundary; • Site 2 (AjHc-40) – a 140 x 117 m scatter of Euro-Canadian artifacts dating from ca. 1830– late 1800s with a small Indigenous component of unspecified Pre-Contact date located east of the extant farming complex and gravel driveway on a naturally elevated area; • Site 5 (AjHc-41) – a 55 x 32 m scatter of Euro-Canadian artifacts dating from the mid- 1800s to the early 1900s located near the eastern edge of the licensed boundary and northwest of the neighboring property; • Site 7 – an isolated Indigenous artifact of unspecified Pre-Contact date located within the northwestern portion of the licensed boundary and south of a deciduous woodlot • Site 10 – an isolated Indigenous artifact of unspecified Pre-Contact date located within the northwestern portion of the licensed boundary and south of a deciduous woodlot; • Site 13 – a 17 x 1 m Indigenous scatter of unspecified Pre-Contact date located within the southwestern portion of the licensed boundary north of Foerster Road and west of the gravel driveway; • Site 14 – an isolated Indigenous artifact of unspecified Pre-Contact date located near the western edge of the licensed boundary and west of the unassessed farming complex; May 2019 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. PIF #P007-0892-2018 ARA File #2018-0098 and #2018-0174 Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessments Shantz Station Pit, Township of Woolwich, Regional Municipality of Waterloo ii • Site 15 – an isolated Indigenous artifact of unspecified Pre-Contact date located adjacent to the western edge of the licensed boundary and golf course; • Site 17 – a 33 x 16 m scatter of Euro-Canadian artifacts dating from the mid- to late 1800s with a small Indigenous component of unspecified Pre-Contact date located in the northern portion of the licensed boundary, west of Hopewell Creek and bordering the west edge of a neighboring property; • Site 18 – an isolated Indigenous artifact of unspecified Pre-Contact date located beyond the licensed boundary within the northeastern corner of the study area and east of Hopewell Creek; and • Site 19 – an isolated Euro-Canadian glass fragment of unspecific date located near the eastern edge of the licensed boundary and northwest of the neighboring property. Sites 1, 2 and 5 were found to be of further cultural heritage value or interest, whereas Sites 7, 10, 13, 14, 15 17, 18 and 19 were found to be of no further cultural heritage value or interest. Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. Recommends that Site 1 (AjHc-39), Site 2 (AjHc-40) and Site 5 (AjHc-41) be subject to Stage 3 site-specific assessments in accordance with the requirements set out in Section 3.2, Section 3.2.2 and Section 3.2.3 of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011:47, 50–53). Controlled Surface Pickups were conducted at each site location as part of the subject assessment and are not required in advance of test unit excavation. Detailed documentary research must also be carried out as per Section 3.1 of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2011:46–47). Sites 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19 and the remainder of the assessed portion of the licensed boundary do not require further archaeological assessment. The outstanding areas within the licensed boundary still require Stage 1 and 2 assessments. These include a rectilinear parcel surrounding the extant farmstead, a square parcel adjacent to Foerster Road, and two irregularly-shaped parcels located along the northwestern and eastern limits of the licensed boundary, respectively. Given that there are no further concerns for impacts to archaeological sites within the majority of the project lands, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. also makes a recommendation for partial clearance. A partial clearance is intended to accommodate the need for a development to be able to proceed while outstanding concerns for alterations to archaeological sites continue to be addressed. At the time of writing, Sites 1, 2 and 5 are the only sites of further archaeological concern located within the project lands. No ground alterations or development of any kind may occur within the designated protected areas until the required investigations are completed, recommendations that the sites have no further cultural heritage value or interest are made, and the associated reports are entered into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports. May 2019 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. PIF #P007-0892-2018 ARA File #2018-0098 and #2018-0174 Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessments Shantz Station Pit, Township of Woolwich, Regional Municipality of Waterloo iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS VI PERSONNEL VII 1.0 PROJECT CONTEXT 1 Development Context 1 Historical Context 2 1.2.1 Settlement History 2 1.2.1.1 Pre-Contact 2 1.2.1.2 Post-Contact 3 1.2.2 Past and Present Land Use 4 Archaeological Context 5 1.3.1 Condition of the Property 6 1.3.2 Registered or Known Archaeological Sites 7 1.3.3 Previous Archaeological Work 7 2.0 STAGE 1 BACKGROUND STUDY 8 Background 8 Field Methods (Property Inspection) 8 Analysis and Conclusions 9 3.0 STAGE 2 PROPERTY ASSESSMENT 10 Field Methods 10 Site 1 (AjHc-39) 14 3.2.1 Record of Finds 14 3.2.2 Analysis and Conclusions 17 Site 2 (AjHc-40) 18 3.3.1 Record of Finds 18 3.3.2 Analysis and Conclusions 22 Site 5 (AjHc-41) 23 3.4.1 Record of Finds 23 3.4.2 Analysis and Conclusions 25 Site 7 26 3.5.1 Record of Finds 26 3.5.2 Analysis and Conclusions 26 Site 10 26 3.6.1 Record of Finds 26 3.6.2 Analysis and Conclusions 27 Site 13 27 May 2019 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. PIF #P007-0892-2018 ARA File #2018-0098 and #2018-0174 Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessments Shantz Station Pit, Township of Woolwich, Regional Municipality of Waterloo iv 3.7.1 Record of Finds 27 3.7.2 Analysis and Conclusions 27 Site 14 28 3.8.1 Record of Finds 28 3.8.2 Analysis and Conclusions 28 Site 15 28 3.9.1 Record of Finds 28 3.9.2 Analysis and Conclusions 29 Site 17 29 3.10.1 Record of Finds 29 3.10.2 Analysis and Conclusions 31 Site 18 32 3.11.1 Record of Finds 32 3.11.2 Analysis and Conclusions 32 Site 19 32 3.12.1 Record of Finds 32 3.12.2 Analysis and Conclusions 33 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 34 5.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION 36 6.0 IMAGES 37 7.0 MAPS 49 8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES 60 LIST OF IMAGES Image 1: Disturbed Lands 37 Image 2: Disturbed Lands 37 Image 3: Sloped Lands 37 Image 4: Sloped Lands 37 Image 5: Permanently Wet 38 Image 6: Permanently Wet 38 Image 7: Permanently Wet 38 Image 8: Permanently Wet 38 Image 9: Pedestrian Survey 38 Image 10: Pedestrian Survey 38 Image 11: Pedestrian Survey 39 Image 12: Pedestrian Survey 39 Image 13: Pedestrian Survey 39 Image 14: Pedestrian Survey 39 May 2019 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd.