Cambridge University Press 0521808693 - The Carolingian Economy - Adriaan Verhulst Index More information INDEX . Aa river, 69 pig, 42, 50, 66 Aachen, 12, 34, 90–1 sheep, 66 Abruzzes, 13 Annappes, 32, 39, 64, 78 Adalhard abbot of Corbie, 60, 68–9, 75, 87, Anschar, 110 93, 101, 107–8 Antwerp, 134 Adam, H., 130 Appenines, 13, 35 Adelson, H. L., 4 aprisio, aprisionarii, 14, 53 Africa, 3 arable, 41–3 see also North Africa Arabs, 2–4 agrarium, 53 coins, 3, 105 Aisne river, 32 conquests, 3, 14, 103–5 Alcuin, 107 merchants, 105 Alemannia, 26 money, 4 Alexandria, 107 raids, 104, 108 allodium, 53–4 aratura, 50, 63 Alps, 92, 95, 104–7, 109, 112 Ardennes, 12, 34, 55, 58, 63, 65, 73, 76, 90, passes: Bundner,¨ 106–7, 112; Julier, 106; 97, 101, 110 Septimer, 106 Argonne forest, 34, 35, 47, 83 Alsace, 100–1, 109, 111 Arlberg, 112 Amalfi, 106 Arles, 98, 104–5 ambascatio, 50 arms, 78–9 Amiens, 92–3, 101, 130 Arnhem, 55 Amorbach abbey, 12 Arques, 69 Ampurias, 54, 105 Arras, 22, 90, 101 ancinga, 20, 43, 46, 55, 63 Aube river, 50 Andernach, 80, 102–3, 109–10 Augsburg, 42, 46, 56, 73 Angers, 98 Auvergne, 13, 19, 20, 52–3 Aniane abbey, 98 Avars, 105, 107, 112, 130 animals cattle raising, 66 Badorf, 79–80, 103, 109 horse, 67, 107, 112 Barcelona, 54 ox, 67–8 Bardowiek, 111 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521808693 - The Carolingian Economy - Adriaan Verhulst Index More information 152 Index Barisis, 82–3 carropera, 50 Bas-Languedoc, 19 carruca, 67 Bastogne, 90, 97 casata, 44 Bavaria, 32, 35, 42–3, 55–6, 82, 99, 105, castellum, 89, 91, 98 107, 112 Catalonia, 14, 52–4 beneficium, 36, 39, 50, 52, 74, 128 Catla, 110 Benevento, 73, 107 cattle raising, 66 bernicrist, 111 ‘Celtic’ fields, 19 Berre, etang´ de, 104 centuriatio, 19 Bessmerny, J., 24 Chˆalons-sur-Marne, 50 bifang(um), 12, 14, 27 Champagne, 50, 65 Birka, 3, 75, 82–3, 103, 109–10 Champbeau, 90 Birten, 109 Charente, 26, 52 Bjork¨ o,¨ 109 Charles Martel, 133 Blaise river, 69 Charles the Bald, emperor, king, 58, Bloch, M., 68 90, 105, 119, 122–3, 129–30, Bobbio abbey, 35, 37, 40, 58, 77–8, 99 134–5 Bohemia, 107 Charles (III) the Fat, emperor, 90 Boissy-Maugis, 40, 49, 77, 79 Chartres, 69 Bolin, S., 3, 118 children, 25 Bonn, 12, 79 Chrodegang, 21 Botto, merchant, 104 Chur, 77, 107 Boulogne, 92 civitas, 22, 89, 91–2, 98 Bourgneuf, Baie de, 81, 98 Claude, D., 104 Brabant, 101 clearances, 11, 12, 13, 16, 26–7, 41, 54 Bregenz, 77 aprisio, aprisionarii, 14, 53 Bremen, 110 bifang(um), 12, 14, 27 Brescia, 77, 135 capturae, 14, 27 Brevium exempla, 5, 32, 40, 65, 75, 78, proprisum, porprisum, 12, 27 126–7 Clusas, ad, 92, 95, 106 Brie, 13 Cologne, 12, 26, 60, 79, 80, 103, 109–10 Brittany, 54 colonica, 44, 53, 56–7 Bruges, 101, 134 colonus, 46, 53, 55–7 Bruhl,¨ 103, 109 Comacchio, 81, 99 brunia, 112 Como, 64 Brussels, 13 Corbie abbey, 60, 68–9, 72, 77–8 Bundner¨ passes, 106–7, 112 Corbon, 40 Byzantium, 4, 106–8, 112, 120 Cordoba, 105 Corsica, 104 caballarii, 52 corvada, 50, 67 Calabria, 14 Corvey abbey, 36, 73, 98 Cambrai, 98, 101, 107 craft camisiae, 73 iron, 67, 76–9 cam(i)siles, 73–4 smith, 77 camsilaria, 74 ferrarii ministeriales, 79 campus, 63, 65 see also pottery, sunken huts Canche river, 92, 134 Cracow, 112 Capitulare de Villis, 5, 40, 59, 70, 75–6, 79, Cremona, 99 84, 126–7 culina, 80 capturae, 14, 27 cultura, 17, 19, 20, 37, 40, 42, 57, 63–5 Carbonaria sylva, 13 curtis, 35 carnaticum, 59 Czechs, 112 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521808693 - The Carolingian Economy - Adriaan Verhulst Index More information Index 153 Dagobert, king, 90 cultura, 17, 19, 20, 37, 40, 42, 57, 63–5 Danes, 92, 105, 120, 134 furlong, 20, 63 Danube river, 94, 98, 107, 111, 130 kouter, 18, 19 demesne, 17, 20, 33, 36, 41–3 open field, 16, 17, 63–4 Der forest (saltus Dervensis), 13 plot, 20, 21, 63 Devroey, J.-P., 6, 23, 24, 128 satio, 63 Dijon, 90 sedile, 91 Dinant, 98, 119, 134 sessus, 91 Doehaerd, R., 118 sortes (absentes), 36, 58 Domburg (Walichrum), 92 village, 15–7 Dopsch, A., 2, 132 zelga, 63 Dorestad, 8, 82, 84, 92, 95, 100–3, 106, filatura, 74 109–10, 112, 130, 133–4 fiscus, 12, 32, 43, 75 Douai, 82 Flanders, 13, 16, 51, 66, 75–6, 100, 111, 134 drappi, 73 flax, 74 Dreux, 69 Fontenelle abbey, 92 Duby, G., 7, 24, 64, 67, 78 Forcheim, 111 Duisburg, 56, 109 forestis, forestum, 11, 12, 13 Dyle river, 13 Formulae Wisigothorum, 53 fossaria, fossarius, 76 Eckdorf, 79–80 Fossier, R., 6, 78 Egypt, 107 Franconia, 32, 100 Eifel, 12, 26, 54 Frankfurt, Council of (794), 118 Einhard, 12, 100 Frideburg, 110 Elbe, 1, 111, 130 Friemersheim, 43, 46, 56 emporium, 8, 91–3, 133–4 Frisia, 28, 66, 75–6, 81, 100–1, 111 prefectus emporii, 92, 130 Frisians, 75–6, 89, 93, 100, 102, 109–11, procurator, 92, 130 113 England, 75, 92, 103, 108, 110–13 Fulda abbey, 11, 12, 22, 27, 35, 36, 43–4, Mercia, 89, 103, 111 56, 66–7, 75–7, 79, 82 Wessex, 92 furlong, 20, 63 see Saxons (Anglo-) fusa lini, 73–4 Erfurt, 111 Ermold the Black, poet, 111 Ganshof, F.-L., 4, 6 eulogia, 53 Garonne river, 13 Eure river, 69 Gˆatinais, 13 exclusaticum, 105 Gaul Ardennes, 12, 34, 55, 58, 63, 65, 73, 76, factus, 44 90, 97, 101, 110 fair, 60, 90, 97 Argonne Forest, 34, 35, 47, 83 St Denis fair, 60, 90, 102, 109 Bas-Languedoc, 19 fallow system, 61 Bourgneuf, Baie de, 81, 98 family structure, 24 Brie, 13 famine, 25, 26, 71, 118, 123–4, 128, 133–4 Brittany, 54 Farfa abbey, 14, 35 Champagne, 50, 65 farinarium, 68 Charente, 26, 52 ferrarii ministeriales, 79 Gˆatinais, 13 fields and settlements Ileˆ de France, 27–8, 40 arable, 41–3 Languedoc, 14, 20 campus, 63, 65 Limousin, 52, 54 ‘Celtic’ fields, 19 Lorraine, 81–2 centuriatio, 19 Mˆaconnais, 26 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521808693 - The Carolingian Economy - Adriaan Verhulst Index More information 154 Index Gaul (cont.) herescarii, 51 Maine, 28, 34 heribannus, 121 Massif Central, 13, 53 Higounet, Ch., 11 northern, 51 Hildebrandt, H., 62 Perche, 13, 40, 77, 79 Hincmar, archbishop Reims, 23, 48 Poitou, 52 Hodges, R., 8, 73, 83, 133 Provence, 25, 52, 103–6, 112 holdings, 33, 35, 36, 43–5 Roussillon, 52–4 casata, 44 Sologne, 13 colonica, 44, 53, 56–7 southern, 28, 98 factus, 44 Genoa, 105 huba, hoba, 16, 44, 56 Germany ad medietatem, 40, 70 Alemannia, 26 hospicium, 51 Bavaria, 32, 35, 42–3, 55–6, 82, 99, 105, pictura, 71 107, 112 see also allodium, beneficium, precaria central, 37 Holland, 102, 133 east of Rhine, 55–6 horse, 67, 107, 112 Eifel, 12, 26, 54 hostilitium, 48, 59, 88 Franconia, 32, 100 Houmont, 76 Rheinhessen, 42, 56, 100 huba, hoba, 16, 44, 56 Saxony, 42–3, 49, 55–6 Huy, 98, 101, 134 Thuringia, 11, 12, 27, 32, 34, 56 Westphalia, 46, 77 Ibbo, merchant, 89 Gerona, 54, 105 Ileˆ de France, 27–8, 40 Ghent, 13, 14, 18, 20, 22, 101, 134 Inama-Sternegg, 2 glass, 82–3 infrastructure (roads, bridges, harbours), vitrearius, 82 94–5 Goetz, H.-W., 47 ingenuus, 46, 51 gold, 3 Inn river, 99 grain Inquisitio Raffelstettensis, 98–9 prices, 123–4 inventories, 127–8 production, 64; barley, 64–6, 68; oats, Irmino, abbot, 16, 17, 20, 37, 69 64–6, 68;rye,64–5; spelt, 64–5, 69; iron, 67, 76–9 wheat, 64–5 Italy, 47, 56–7, 64, 77, 91–2, 105–7, 120, yield ratio, 7, 64 135 trade, 99–101 Abruzzes, 13 Graubunden,¨ 106 Appenines, 13, 35 Great St Bernard, pass, 105 Byzantine, 4, 106–8, 112 Grierson, Ph., 3, 4, 118, 120, 122 Calabria, 14 gualdus, 14 Lombardy, 34 gynaeceum, 74–5 northern, 1, 34–5, 57, 99 Piemonte, 35 Hadrian I, pope, 135 ports, 4 hagastaldi, 71 Sabina, 14 Hagermann,¨ D., 6 Sicily, 105 Hallstadt, 111 southern, 4 Hamburg, 110 Hammelburg, 56 Jankuhn, H., 5 Hamwic, 8, 92, 103, 109–10 Jews, 88–9, 99, 105, 131 Harun ar-Rashid, caliph, 75, 111 John VIII, pope, 105 Hedeby (Haithabu), 75, 82–3, 92, 103, Julier, pass, 106 109–10 Jutland, 110 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521808693 - The Carolingian Economy - Adriaan Verhulst Index More information Index 155 Kaupang, 109–10 lunarii, 51 Kiev, 112 Lyon, 21, 98, 105 Kissingen, 78, 82 Koblenz, 79, 109 Maastricht, 91, 93, 98, 101, 119, 134 Koningsforeest, 13 Mabompre,´ 63 Kootwijk, 77 Mˆaconnais, 26 Kordel, 83 Magdeburg, 111 Kortrijk, 13 Main river, 32, 70, 100, 113 kouter, 18, 19 Maine, 28, 34 Krefeld, 77 Mainz, 91, 98, 100, 109 Kuchenbuch, L., 47 maior, 52, 89 Maire, 74 ladmen, 73 Malar¨ lake, 109 Lamprecht K, 2 Majorca, 104 Langres, 50, 90 mancipium, 31, 50, 52, 55–6 Languedoc, 14, 20 manopera, 50 Laon, 102 manor, 32 Lebecq, S., 75, 111 bipartite structure, 33–4, 37 Leie river, 13, 18, 19, 101 demesne, 17, 20, 33, 36, 41–3 Lek river, 92, 95 demesne-centred, 35, 51–2 Le Mans, 21, 48 fiscus, 12, 32, 43, 75 Leo III, pope, 135 gynaeceum, 74–5 Leuven, 13 maior, 52, 89 Lex Baiuwariorum, 36 ministerium, 77 lidus, 46, 55 non-classical forms, 49–57 Liege,` 55 non-tenants, 51 lignare, 50 palatium, 32 Lille, 32, 64–5 proportion demesne-holdings, 42–3 Limonta, 57 rent-collecting type, 55 Limousin, 52, 54 royal manor, 32, 39, 40, 56, 75–6 Linz, 99 villicus, 89 Lion, 104 mansionilis, 14, 32 Liutprand, king of Lombards, 99 mansus, 16, 25, 43–5, 51, 53–4, 57 Lobbes abbey, 6, 37, 49, 62, 68, 73, 84 charges, 45–9 Loire, 1, 13, 34, 44, 53, 81, 94, 98, 113, half manses, 58 121–2, 134 mansus absus, 58 Lombard, M., 3, 118 mansi carroperarii, 67 Lombard kingdom, 73, 99, 104–6, 108 mansus indominicatus, 17, 50 Lombardy, 34 mansus ingenuilis, 47–8, 50, 56–8 London, 8, 103, 109–10 mansus integer, 51 Lorch, 111 mansus lidilis, 56 Lorraine, 81–2 mansi manoperarii, 67 Lorsch abbey, 12, 15, 22, 27, 42, 76–7, mansus servilis, 43, 46–7, 55–6, 74, 77, 79, 80 79