IAEA-TECDOC-808 Computerizationof operation and maintenance for nuclear power plants Report prepared within the framework of the International Working Group on Nuclear Power Plant Control and Instrumentation INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Nuclear Power Engineering Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 x Bo P.O. A-1400 Vienna, Austria COMPUTERIZATIO OPERATIOF NO MAINTENANCD NAN R EFO NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IAEA, VIENNA, 1995 IAEA-TECDOC-808 ISSN 1011-4289 © IAEA, 1995 Printed by the IAEA in Austria July 1995 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT MISSINE TH AL F LO G PAGE THIN SI S DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK FOREWORD The need to use computers for nuclear power plant design, engineering, operation and maintenance has been growing since the inception of commercial nuclear power electricity generation in the 1960s. The needs have intensified in recent years as the demands of safety and reliability, as wel s economia l c competition have become stronger a result s A ,. IAEA Member States have requested assistance and advice to guide their use of computers in nuclear power plants. rapie Th d advanc computef eo r hardwar softward ean e technolog decadelase o th tw t n ys i sha greatly enlarge potentiale dth f computeso r application l aspectal n si f desig so engineerind nan f go future plants as well as operation and maintenance of existing plants. The traditional role of computers for mathematical calculations and data manipulation has been expanded to enhance human performanc corporatd an e e busines informatioy sb n processin knowledge-based gan d systems. This report provide a resourcs r computerizatiofo e f activitieo n plann i s t operatiod an n maintenance. Experience gained from design and implementation of various computer systems around the world is described. The material may be useful as a guide to modification and upgrading of existing plant wels sa desigs a l engineerind nan plantsw ne t shoulf I g.o particularle db interesf yo t to managers and engineers who are engaged in planning, bidding, specifying or designing computer systems for operation and maintenance applications. The technical document is the result of a series of advisory and consultant meetings held by the IAE Viennn Ai n 1991-1994i a s preparewa t I .d wit participatioe hth f expertno s from Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Russian Federation, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the USA. Recognition is given to other contributors in "Contributors to Drafting and Review" in this report. Special thanks are due to B. Sun of the Electric Power Research Institute, USA, who compiled and edited the document from contributions provided by the working group members, particularly, A. Cook of Canada, D. Spohn of France, W. Bastl of Germany and D. Welbourne of the United Kingdom. The IAEA officer responsible for preparing this document is A. Kossilov of the Nuclear Power Engineering Section. EDITORIAL NOTE In preparing this document for press, staff of the IAEA have made up the pages from the original manuscripts submittedas authors.the viewsby The expressed necessarilynot do reflect those governmentsofthe nominatingthe of Member nominating the States of or organizations. Throughout the text names of Member States are retained as they were when the text was compiled. Theof use particular designations countriesof territoriesor does imply judgementnot any by publisher,the legalthe IAEA, to statusthe as of such countries territories,or of their authoritiesand institutions delimitationthe of or of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The authors responsibleare havingfor obtained necessarythe permission IAEAthe to for reproduce, translate materialuse or from sources already protected copyrights.by CONTENTS 1. OBJECTIVE ...............................................9 . 1.1. Operation and maintenance of nuclear power plants ..................... 9 1.2. Scope of the report ......................................... 9 1.3. Purpos repore th f eo t .......................................0 1 . OVERVIE2 COMPUTERIZATIOF WO NUCLEAN NO R POWER PLANTS .......0 1 . computerf o e 2.1Us . nuclean i s r power plants ..........................0 1 . 2.1.1. Historical evolution ...................................0 1 . 2.1.2. Reason applyinr sfo g computers ............................0 1 . 2.2. Overview of application areas .................................. 12 2.2.1. Computer applications to operations .......................... 12 2.2.1.1. Data logging ................................... 12 2.2.1.2. Information systems .............................2 1 . 2.2.1.3. Monitorin diagnostid gan c systems ....................3 1 . 2.2.1.4. Digital contro automatiod an l n .......................3 1 . 2.2.1.5. Protection ..................................... 13 2.2.2. Computer applications to maintenance ........................ 14 2.2.2.1. Predictive maintenance and inspection ................... 14 2.2.2.2. Maintenance management ..........................4 1 . 2.2.3. Engineering and administrative functions ....................... 15 2.3. Human-machine partnership ..................................5 1 . 2.3.1. Functions which must be automated by computers ................. 16 2.3.2. Functions which are better automated by computers ................ 16 2.3.3. Functions which shoul allocatee db humano dt s ..................7 1 . 2.3.4. Balancing factors ...................................... 17 2.4. Relationship to safety and availability ............................. 18 2.4.1. System considerations .................................. 18 2.4.2. Regulatory and licensing requirements ........................ 18 2.4.3. Computer safetr sfo y applications ..........................8 1 . 2.4.3.1. Advantages .................................... 18 2.4.3.2. Challenges ...................................9 1 . 3. COMPUTER APPLICATIONS TO OPERATION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS . 21 3.1. Introduction ............................................. 21 3.2. Monitoring, control and protection architecture ....................... 24 3.2.1. Monitoring systems .................................... 24 3.2.1.1. Operator information systems for plant monitoring ........... 24 3.2.1.2. Specialized reactor monitoring ........................ 24 3.2.2. Fault-tolerant control systems .............................4 2 . 3.2.3. Integrated contro monitorind an l g ..........................6 2 . 3.2.3.1. Objectives ..................................... 26 3.2.3.2. Safety and availability ............................. 28 3.2.3.3. CONTROBLO nucleaW M 0 r Cpowe30 layou1 a r n plani t t ....8 2 . 3.2.4. Protection systems ....................................0 3 . 3.3. Information system operatod an s r aids ............................0 3 . 3.3.1. Information system controe th n i s l room ......................0 3 . 3.3.1.1. Information presentation methodology ................... 32 3.3.1.2. Experience with VDU systems in control rooms ............. 32 3.3.2. Operator aids ........................................ 35 3.3.2.1. Diagnosi prognosid san s ...........................5 3 . 3.3.2.2. Experience .................................... 37 3.4. Control and automation ...................................... 38 3.4.1. Automatic control functions ..............................8 3 . 3.4.2. Sequenc interlocd ean k control ............................8 3 . 3.4.3. Integrated control and multiplexing .......................... 39 3.5. Protection systems ......................................... 40 3.5.1. Introduction ......................................... 40 3.5.2. Representative systems .................................. 41 3.5.2.1. Integrated digital protection system ..................... 41 3.5.2.2. Integrated protection system ......................... 44 3.5.2.3 inherentln A . y safe automation trip system ................4 4 . 3.5.3. Experience ......................................... 45 . COMPUTE4 R APPLICATIO MAINTENANCO NT NUCLEAF EO R POWER PLANTS ............................................ 46 4.1. Introduction ............................................. 46 4.2. Maintenance management .................................... 47 4.2.1. Basic maintenance files .................................. 47 4.2.2. Maintenance administration/routines .........................7 4 . 4.2.3. Outage planning ...................................... 48 4.2.4. Materials management .................................. 50 4.2.5. Maintenance support functions ............................0 5 . 4.2.6. Other administrative functions ............................1 5 . 4.3. Equipment performance applications .............................1 5 . 4.4. Advantages and benefits ..................................... 52 4.4.1. Quality ...........................................2 5 . 4.4.2. Production .......................................... 53 4.4.3. Cost .............................................3 5 . 5. MANAGEMENT OF COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM ............ 53 5.1. Management of hardware, software and data ......................... 53 5.2. Change control ........................................... 54 5.3. Quality assuranc computer efo r systems ...........................4 5 . 5.3.1. Quality assurance requirements ............................. 54 5.3.2.