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U n iv erse Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8518929 Crenshaw, Daniel Michael AN ANALYSIS OF THE BROAD EMISSION LINE PROFILES OF SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES The Ohio State University PH.D. 1985 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1985 by Crenshaw, Daniel Michael All Rights Reserved An Analysis of the Broad Emission Line Profiles of Seyfert 1 Galaxies DISSEBTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requireaents for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Daniel Michael Crenshaw* B.S. The Ohio S tate U niversity 1985 Reading Coaaittee: Approved By Dr. Eugene R. C a p rio tti Dr. David G. Lawrie Dr. Bradley H. Peterson adley HiMl Peterson*Pet<Bradley Adviser Departaent of Astronoay ©Copyright by Daniel Michael Crenshaw 1965 DEDICATION To Jo - i i - ACKIOULIbGEBENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance of ay adviser. Professor Bradley fl. Peterson. 1 would like to thank Professor Peterson for his original suggestion of the nain topic of this dissertation, and for his valuable coaaents and advice on various aspects of this work. I would like to thank Professor Eugene B. C ap rio tti, for his helpful suggestions and encourageaent throughout the course of ay research on this topic. 1 aa also indebt­ ed to Professor David G. Lawrie, for his suggestions and coaaents concerning earlier drafts of this aanuscript. Dr. Paul L. Byard is responsible for the development of the Ohio State University iaage dissector scanner, which proved to be an ideal detector for this study. I an alsc grateful to Dr. Arthur A. Hoag and the staff of Lowell Observatory, for their hospitality during ay visits to Flagstaff. Special thanks go to Dr. Karie A. Beyers, for her assistance with the observations and contributions to the IDS reduction software needed for the analysis of the data. - i i i - Finally, I would like to express ay gratitude to ay wife, Jo, for her constant lowe and support. I aa p a rtic u ­ larly proud of her own acadeaic success, which she attained despite aany sacrifices aade on ay behalf. - i» - m i March 16, 1957. Born - Rock Hill, South Carolina 1979 ...................................... B. S., Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 1979 - 1982 . Teaching Associate, Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1982 - 1983 . Research Assistant, Department of Astronomy, The Ohio Sta te Uni ve rs i t y Columbus, Ohio 1983, Lovell Observatory Summer Fellov, Lovell Observatory, Flagstaff, A rizcna 1983 - 1989 . Perkins Research Assistant, Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 19 89 - 1985 . Teaching Associate, Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS "Redshifts of 16 Harkarian Galaxies", D. H. Crenshav, B. H. Peterson, C. B. Foltz, and P. L. Byard, pub, Astron. Soc. Pacific, 94, 16-18, (1982). "The Variability of the Spectrum of Akn 120", B. If. Peterson, C. B. Foltz, H. S. Hiller, R. M. Vagner, D. H- Crenshav, K. A. Meyers, and P. L. Byard, Astron, J.. 88, 926-933 (1983). "Variability of the Emission-Line Spectra and Optical Continua of Seyfert 1 Galaxies. II.", B. H. Peterson, C. B. Foltz, D. M. Crenshav, K. A. Meyers, and P. L. Byard, Astronhvs. J .. 279, 529-540 (1984). "the Effects of Stellar Absorption Features on the Broad- Line Profiles of Seyfert 1 Galaxies", D. *1* Crenshav and B. B. Peterson, Astrophvs. J.. 291, 677 (1985). "Variability of the Eaission-Line Spectra and Optical Continua of Seyfert 1 Galaxies. III. Results for a Hoaogeneous Saaple", B. H. Peterson, D. W. Crenshav, and K. A. Beyers, As+roohys J. 298, in press (1985). ABSIBACTS "The Effects of Stellar Absorption Features on the Broad- Line Profiles of Seyfert 1 Galaxies", D. H. Crenshav, -BnHx-ix-ix-S*, 16, 659 (1986). "The Broad Emission Line P ro files of Seyfert 1 Galaxies", D. D. Crenshav, Bull. A. A. S.. 16, 98B (1986). FIELDS OF STUDY Hajor Field: Astronosy Studies in Seyfert 1 Galaxies and QSOs. Professors Bradley B • Peterson and Eugene R. Capriotti Studies in Eaission-Line Galaxies. Professor Bradley N. Peterson Studies in Early- and Late-Type Stars. Professors Arne E. Slettebak and Phillip C. Keenan - v i - TIBLE OF COITEVTS Page Dedication . ...................................... i i Acknowledge neats ............................................................................i i i V i t a ........................................................................................................................... v List of Figores .............. ......................... ix List of Tables .............. ......................... x i Chapter I. introduction ........... .................... ..1 XI. Observations ................. 10 2.1 Instrumentation ............ 10 2.2 Observatioual Parameters ....... 14 2.3 Data Seduction ............ 17 III. Contanination of the Profiles by S t e l la r Absorption Features ....................... 20 3.1 Introduction . ............ 20 3.2 Synthetic Profiles ..... ...................... 21 3.3 Stellar Fractions ..... .................... • 30 3.4 Removal of the Stellar Contanination • 36 3.5 Discussion 42 - v i i - IT. Contaainatioa of the Profiles by Baission F ea tu res ................ 44 4. I introduction . ........................ 44 4.2 continuua Banges . .......... 47 4.3 Heaoval of the Narrow Lines ...........................48 4.4 Reaoval of the Shelf of Baission froa H 6 ....................................................................................53 4.5 Discussion .............. 62 T. The Decontaeiaated Profiles and Profile Katios 64 5.1 Resolution Corrections ..................................... 64 5.2 Analysis of the Profiles ....... 65 5.3 Analysis of the Profile Ratios .... 71 TI. Interpretation of the Profile Ratios ..................... 78 6.1 Relation to Profile Hidths ...... 73 6.2 Relation to Luainosity ........ S3 6.3 Suaaary ................ 30 hPPSIOIXBS A. Broad-Line Profiles .............. 94 B. P r o f ile B a tio s ........... ..................... 107 Bibliography ............................ 115 - w iii - LIST OP FI60KSS Figare Page 1. fiesolution as a function of channel p o sitio n . .......... .......................... 13 2. Synthetic profiles .............. 25 3. Measured properties of the synthetic p ro file s ................... 27 4. Asyanetry of the synthetic H6 profiles .... 23 5. Portions of the spectra of M32 and three Seyfert 1 galaxies ........ ........................... 31 6. IDS scan of HGC 3516: observed (upper) and corrected ................... 38 7. IDS scan of NGC 4593: observed (upper) and corrected ................... 39 8. IDS scan of Mrk 590: observed (upper) and corrected . ......................... 40 9. IBS scan of Mrk 335 (observed) ...................................41 10. Mrk 509 deolend assuning shelf is entirely F e l l ..............................................................................................................55 11. Mrk 110 deblend assuaing shelf is entirely F e l l ..............................................................................................................56 12. Mrk 509 deblend assuaing shelf is Fe II and broad [0 III ] ..........................................................................................57 13. Mrk 110 deblend assuaing shelf is Fe II and broad £0 I II ] ........................................................ 58 14. H8/Ha p ro file r a t i c for NGC 3516 ....... 73 15. H6/Ha p ro file r a tio for Mrk 509 ........ 74 - ix - 16.