Second Division Memorial Modification Section 106 Consulting Parties Meeting October 15, 2019 4:00 – 5:00pm Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Offices NPS / Nathan King AGENDA 1. Introductions 2. Overview of Undertaking 3. Site History 4. Review of Draft Area of Potential Effect 5. Options 6. Discussion 7. Project Status and Next Steps Authorizing Legislation • In 2018, Congress authorized a modification to the Second Division Memorial. • The modification may include additional commemorative elements or engravings on the raised platform or stone work of the existing Second Division Memorial to further honor the members of the Second Infantry Division who have given their lives in service to the United States. Site Context • The project area is located on NPS land between 17th Street Northwest and Constitution Avenue in the District of Columbia. • President’s Park (PRPA) administers the project area. • The project area is located in the National Mall Historic District and the President’s Park South cultural landscape. Site History 1792 Andrew Ellicott (1792) L’Enfant’s Plan of the City of Washington, Library of Congress, Geography and Maps Division. Site History 1816 District Of Columbia. Office Of The Surveyor, and Benjamin Henry Latrobe. (1816) Plan of the west end of the public appropriation in the city of Washington, called the Mall: as proposed to be arranged for the site of the university. 1816. Map. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/88690937/>. Site History 1818 Map: King, R't [Robert] 1818 A Map of the City of Washington in the District of Columbia. W. Cooper, Washington. On file, Library of Congress Geography and Maps Division, Washington, D.C. Site History 1829 Elliot, William, 1773?-1837, S. Alfred Elliot, and G. H Throop. Plan of the city of Washington: seat of government of the United States. [Washington, D.C.: s.n, 1829] Map. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/88694087/>. Site History 1836 H.S. Tanner (1836) Map of the ‘City of Washington,’ Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division. Site History 1857 Boschke, A, and Julius Bien. (1857) Map of Washington City, District of Columbia, seat of the federal government: respectfully dedicated to the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of North America. [Washington: A. Boschke, 1857] Map. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/88694035/>. Site History 1887 Detail from P.C. Hain’s 1887 ‘Proposed Improvements of James Creek canal’ Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division. Site History 1901 The McMillan Plan of 1901, National Capital Planning Commission, Washington, DC. 1949 1988 1999 2019 Timeline March 3, 1931 Authorized by Congress July 18, 1936 Second Division Memorial dedication August 14, 1957 Congress authorizes modifications to honor WWII and Korean War 1962 Modification completed, panels with flagpoles on either side of the dais 1975 Landscape development plan prepared 1980 Regilding and repointing 1993 Cleaning and regilding 2002 – 2003 Full rehabilitation 2018 Congress authorizes memorial modification Memorial Features • James Earle Fraser (sculptor) and John Russell Pope (architect) • Pink Stony Creek, Connecticut granite; Minnesota gneiss foundation • 18-foot high sword sculpture cast by the Roman Bronze Works, New York • Central panel creates an open gateway that frames the flaming sword with the Indian head insignia on the hilt • Granite pedestal supporting hand/sword reads “To Our Dead 1917-1919” • Second Division’s World War I battles inscribed on portal sides with relief sculptures of laurel wreaths • V-cut lettering filled with gold leaf • 1962: WWII (west) and Korean War (east) 1. Horydczak, Theodor, Approximately, photographer. Site of Second Division monument. Plowed site of Second Division monument I. ca. 1920-ca. 1950. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/thc1995005330/PP/>. 2. Horydczak, Theodor, Approximately, photographer. Site of Second Division monument. Plowed site of Second Division monument I. ca. 1920-ca. 1950. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/thc1995005330/PP/>. 3. Horydczak, Theodor, Approximately, photographer. Monuments & memorials. Second Division monument, World War One I. ca. 1920-ca. 1950. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/thc1995011853/PP/>. 1. Horydczak, Theodor, Approximately, photographer. Monuments & memorials. Second Division monument, World War One III. ca. 1920-ca. 1950. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/thc1995011855/PP/>. 2. Horydczak, Theodor, Approximately, photographer. Monuments & memorials. Second Division monument, World War One VII. ca. 1920-ca. 1950. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/thc1995011859/PP/>. 3. Horydczak, Theodor, Approximately, photographer. Monuments & memorials. Second Division monument, World War One IV. ca. 1920-ca. 1950. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/thc1995011856/PP/>. 1. Harris & Ewing, photographer. Ceremony at Second Division Memorial, Washington, D.C. District of Columbia United States Washington D.C. Washington D.C, 1936. Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2016883272/. 2. Harris & Ewing, photographer. (1936) Ceremony at Second Division Memorial, Washington, D.C. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2016883273/>. ca. 1930 1936 - 1. Aerial view of Pennsylvania Ave. looking west, ca. 1930. (Records of the Public Buildings Service, National Archives) 2. Historic American Buildings Survey, Creator. White House Grounds & Ellipse, Washington, District of Columbia, DC. Documentation Compiled After 1933. Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/dc0798/>. Finn Frolich, ca. 1927 Edward Field Sanford and Theodore J. Young, ca. 1930 Design Charles Keck, American eagle protecting Proposals the French rooster, ca. 1930 1. Proposed design by Edward Field Sanford and Theodore J. Young, ca. 1930. Records for the Commission of Fine Arts, RG 66, National Archives and Records Administration. 2. Charles Keck’s design with the American eagle protecting the French rooster, ca. 1930. U.S. Commission of Fine Arts photo files. 3. Model of proposed design by Finn Frolich. The Indian Head, January 1927. Hanford MacNider Papers, Herbert Hoover Library. James Earle Fraser, sketch drawings 1. Updated drawing by James Earle Fraser of an early proposal for the Second Division Memorial. James Earle and Laura Gardin Fraser Papers, Special Collections Research Center. Syracuse University Library. 2. Updated alternative design sketch by James Earle Fraser. James Earle and Laura Gardin Fraser Papers, Special Collections, Research Center. Syracuse University Library. 3. Theodore Roosevelt Association Medal of Honor by James Earle Fraser. (1923) Photographed by permission of the Theodore Roosevelt Association. Landscape Development Plan - 1975 Archaeological Assessment • Nearby Projects: • Archaeological Evaluation - President’s Park, 1995 • Southside Barrier Project, 2003, Louis Berger • Constitution Gardens, 2015, Louis Berger • Fill is likely to be approximately 10’ deep, with a range between 8’ to 15’ • Below 8’: Potential for an intact pre- 1850 ground surface • Potential for Native American artifacts along Tiber River bank • Potential for trash disposal associated with the 17th Street Wharf Boschke, A, and Julius Bien. (1857) Draft Area of Potential Effect 6 7 8 LEGEND 5 Draft Area of Potential Effect (APE) Project Site President’s Park South Cultural Landscape 4 Washington Monument Ground Cultural Landscape Lincoln Memorial Grounds Cultural Landscape Virginia Avenue NW Cultural Landscape 3 Constitution Garden Cultural Landscape 9 East and West Potomac Parks Historic District Federal Triangle Historic District 2 Pennsylvania Avenue Historic District Seventeenth Street Historic District 1 National Mall Historic District L’Enfant Plan of the City of Washington Vista in the APE Olmsted Plan Vista in the APE McMillan Plan Vista in the APE 12 10 Historic Resources in the APE 1 – Second Division Memorial 2 – Organization of American States Building 3 – Daughters of the American Revolution Continental Memorial Hall and Constitution Hall 4 – American Red Cross National Headquarters 5 – Corcoran School of the Arts & Design 6 – First Division Memorial 7 – General William Tecumseh statue 13 14 8 – Pershing Park (WWI Memorial in progress) 11 9 – U.S. Department of Commerce 10 – National Museum of African American History and Culture 11 – Washington Monument and ground 12 – Constitution Gardens 13 – Reflecting Pool 14 – World War II Memorial 0 125 250 meters The Second Indianhead Division Association Memorial Foundation October 15, 2019 SECOND INDIANHEAD DIVISION MEMORIAL MODIFICATION October 15, 2019 Page 2 MEMORIAL CHRONOLOGY - ORIGINAL ELEVATION AND PLAN ORIGINAL MEMORIAL, 1936 SOUTH ELEVATION - NTS PLAN VIEW - NTS SECOND INDIANHEAD DIVISION MEMORIAL MODIFICATION October 15, 2019 Page 3 MEMORIAL CHRONOLOGY - ADDITION TO ELEVATION AND PLAN MEMORIAL ADDITION, 1962 SOUTH ELEVATION - NTS PLAN VIEW - NTS SECOND INDIANHEAD DIVISION MEMORIAL MODIFICATION October 15, 2019 Page 4 EXISTING MEMORIAL - PERSPECTIVE SECOND INDIANHEAD DIVISION MEMORIAL MODIFICATION October 15, 2019 Page 5 EXISTING MEMORIAL - ELEVATION AND PLAN 70’-0” 29’-2” 12’-2” 23’-6 1/4” 14’-5” 8” 3’-3” 3’-11” SOUTH ELEVATION - NTS 58’-0” 33’-6” 5’-8 3/4” 2’-9” 14’-2” 20’-8” 5’-8 3/4” 6’