T HE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE LEWIS & CLARK TRAIL HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. VOL. 10 NOS. 2 AND 3 MAY 1984 A Special Ornithological Issue Birds Observed and Documented by Members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Lewis's Woodpecker Clark's Nutcracker In This Issue "A History of Lewis's Woodpecker and Clark's Nutcracker", by Paul Russell Cutright, page 9. " Birds of the Lewis and Clark Jour nals", by Virginia C. Holmgren, page 17. "Summary of Birds Seen by Lewis and Clark" , compiled by Virginia C. Holmgren, page 23. "A Glossary of Bird Names Cited by Lewis and Clark", compiled by Virginia C. Holmgren, page 28. President Large's Message THE LEWIS AND CLARK TRAIL E xtra effort has gone into this Spe­ HERITAGE FOUNDATION, INC. cial Ornithological Issue of We Pro­ Incorporated 1969 under Missouri General Not-For-Profit Corporation Act IRS Exemption ceeded On, and that's no surprise. Certificate No. 501(C)(3) - Identification No. 51-018 7715 Editor Bob Lange is never content to crank out a routine installment of OFFICERS - EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE our Foundation's quarterly publica­ President 1st Vice President 2nd Vice President tion. He's always reaching for some­ thing more. Extra effort is the driv­ Arlen J . large William P. Sherman Clifford lmsland 120V2 Rumsey Court, S.E. 3291 S .W. Fairmount Blvd. 519 North 79th St. ing force behind any successful or­ Washington. D .C. 20003 Portland, OR 97201 Seattle, WA 98103 g aniza ti on of unpaid volunteer members. If our Foundation has an Edrie Lee Vinson, Secretary Clarence H. Decker. Treasurer abundance of people ready to strive 258 Hope Road P.O. Box. 128 Helena, MT 59601 East Alton, IL 62024 beyond what's merely adequate, they're just taking inspiration from DIRECTORS that energy-charged corps of discov­ erers which embarked upon the Todd Berens Viola forrest Margaret Norris broad Missouri nearly 180 years Santa Ana, CA Walla Walla, WA Fayetteville, N .Y. ago. Harold Billian Helen Hetrick Charles C . Patton Villlanova, PA Glasgow, MT Springfield. IL From President Jefferson the Lewis and Clark expedition had received a Roy D. Craft H. John Montague James P. Ronda Stevenson. WA Marietta, GA Youngstown, OH checklist of demanding tasks. To J ohn E. Foote Gary E. Moulton Robert L Taylor the co-captains, complying with Billings, MT Lincoln, NE W ashington, D .C. those instructions was only the min­ Hazel Bain, Longview, WA. Immediate Past President, is a Foundation Director. imum objective, and even that was terribly hard. The President wanted PAST PRESIDENTS - DIRECTORS EX OFFICIO celestial observations of latitude and longitude made "with great Edwynne P. Murphy, 1970 Robert E. Lange, 1973-1974 Gail M . Stensland, 1977-78 St. Louis, Missouri Portland, Oregon Fort Benton, Montana pains and accuracy," but there were E.G. Chuinard. M .D., 1971 Gary Leppart, 1974-1975 Mitchell Doumit, 1978-79 places where trees blocked the sky. Tigard. Oregon Lewistown, Montana Cathlamet. Washington The trees had to be chopped down John Greenslit, 1972 Wilbur P. Werner. 1975-1 976 Bob Saindon, 1979-1980 before work with sextant and octant Lansing, Michigan Cut Bank. Montana Helena, Montana could even begin. Just the basic Lynn Burris, Jr.• 1972-1 973 Clarence H. Decker, 1976-77 Irving w. Anderson. 1980-81 logistical measures needed to keep Topeka, Kansas East Alton, Illinois Portland, Oregon the exploring party from starving V. Strode Hinds. D .D .S. 1981-1982 Hazel Bain, 1982-1983 often required that extra little push. Sioux City, Iowa Longview, W ashington Wilderness currency to buy food from the Indians included buttons Ruth E. Lange, Membership Secretary, 5054 S.W. 26th Place, Portland, OR 97201 cut from the captains' coats. Elk ABOUT THE FOUNDATION meat which a hunter attempted to dry and preserved in the woods The purpose of the lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation. Inc .• is to stimulate nationally: public interest came back to camp in danger of in matters relating to the l ewis and Clark Expedition; the contributions to American history made by the expedition m embers: and events of t ime and place concerning a nd following the expedition which are of spoiling, so " . .. we had it cut thin­ historical import to our nation. The Foundation recognizes the value of tourist-oriented programs. and ner and re dryed over a fire." suooorts activities w hich enhance the enjoyment and understandina of the lewis and Clark storv. The scope_ of the activities of the Foundation are broad and diverse. and include involvement in pursuits which. in the judgment of the Directors are. of historical worth or contemporary social values. and commensurate with In his charter of exploration the the heritage ot Lewis and Clark. The actiyities of the National Foundation are Intended to compliment and supplement those of state and local Lewis and Clark interest groups. The Foundation m ay appropriately President hadn't mentioned the Yel­ recognize and honor individuals or groups for: art works of distinction; achievement in the broad field of lowstone River, and nobody would Lewis and Clark historical research; writing; or deeds which promote th e general purpose and scope of activities of the Foundation. Membership in the organization comprises a broad spectrum of Lewis and have blamed Capt. Clark for dash­ Clark enthusiasts including Federal, State. and local government officials, historians. scholars, and others of wide ranging Lewis and Clark interests. Officers of the Foundation are elected from the membership. The ing straight home by the same route Annual Meeting of the Foundation is traditionally held during August, the birth month of both Meriwether he followed to the Pacific. His re­ Lewis and William Clark. The meeting place is rotated among the States, and tours generally are arranged to vi sit sites in the are a of the Annual Meeting which have historic association with the Lewis and Clark turn trip down the Yellowstone on Expedition. the lookout for future trading sites WE PROCEEDED ON ISSN 0275-6706 E.G. CHU/NARD. M .D .• FOUNDER was an uninstructed bonus. Capt. Lewis similarly volunteered a risky We Proceeded On is the official publication of the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, side trip far up the Marias River to Inc. The publication's name is derived from the phrase which appears repeatedly in the scout the further reaches of British collective journals of the famous Expedition. for country. The minimum, the ex­ PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE pected, wasn't enough. (continued on facing page) Robert E. Lange, Editor and Committee Chairman, 5054 S .W. 26th Place. Portland. OR 97201 Irving W . Anderson Donald Jackson Cover Illustrations: Box LC-196 Lewis & Clark College 3920 Old Stage Road Portland, OR 97219 Colorado Springs, CO 80906 The illustrations are by Marie E.G . Chuinard Gary E. Moulton Nonnast Bohlen and are repro­ 15537 S. W. Summerfield Lane Love Library - Univ. Nebraska duced from North American Tigard, OR 97223 Lincoln, NE 68588 Birds, by Lorus and Margery Paul R . Cutright Wilbur P. W arner Milne, through the courtesy of 312 Summit Avenue P.O. Box 438 Jenkintown, PA 19046 Cut Bank, MT 59427 the publisher Prentice-Hall, Inc., © 1963, 1969. -2- We Proceeded On, May 1984 Today's Foundation members don't Relates to article, WPO, Vol. 10, No. 1, p . 7 give up the buttons on their coats. Rather, many offer the gift of their time, lots of it. Over the years doz­ ens of people have spent long hours planning each intricate detail of the Foundation's annual meetings. Next August's meeting in Great Falls will be the third such program for which Montana's Bob Saindon has taken major responsibility. Rounding up new members, one by one, can be hard, slogging work. In North Dakota Sheila Robinson, a former Foundation director, has since last August recruited 12 new members by taking the time to write letters. Sheila has earned strong praise from Membership Secretary Ruth Lange: "Her efforts continue to show results and serve as a fine example of individual accomplish­ ment." So you don't have to be a buckskin­ clad explorer of the 19th century to set an example of how to press be­ yond the minimum. You see it in John A. Caylor, Boise, Idaho, shortly before his death (see page 8, this issue this splendid issue of We Proceeded of We Proceeded On), joined Idaho Governor John V. Evans for the signing On, and in the dedication of so of "Executive Order No. 83-21", which created the Idaho Lewis and Clark many of our members to make the Trail Committee. The ten appointed members of the governor's committee Foundation a more satisfying ve­ had elected Caylor chairman of the committee. John Caylor, a former direc­ hicle for roaming the trails of Amer­ tor of the Foundation (1973-1975) was a professor of history at Boise State ica n history. That goal is indeed University. The signing of the order took place in December 1983, the com­ worth our extra effort. mittee's first meeting was held in Boise, January 21, 1984. A September 1984 Arlen J . Large, President meeting is scheduled at Lewiston, Idaho. Color Comes to We Proceeded On - About This Special Ornithological Issue Birdwatching is a popular avocation for a great many individuals. We might wonder, however, just how many modern-day bird enthusiasts know that members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, especially Meriwether Lewis, were acute observers and documentors of the many birds encountered during their journey across a substantial portion of the North American Continent. To tell of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark's and their exploring party's interest and activities related to the many birds encountered during their two year, four month, and nine day travel from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean and return, is the purpose for this "Special Ornithological Issue" of We Proceeded On.