Questions for Consideration 1. In what kinds of activities did antislavery women engage? 2. What were the goals of the petition campaigns? 3. How did the antislavery movement challenge established notions of manhood and womanhood? 4. Why was the issue of racial prejudice linked to the goal of immediate abolition? 5. What were the sources of the Grimke sisters' opposition to slavery? 6. Why did Angelina and Sarah Grimke defy convention and advocate women's rights? 7. What were the Grimkes trying to achieve by speaking out on women's rights? Were they successful? 8. Why did some of the clergy become their main opponents? On what did they base their opposition to emancipation and women's rights? 9. Why did the Grimkes claim women's equality in church governance? Why in secular governance? On what did they base their claims? 10. What was "non-resistance" and why did Angelina Grimke support it? 11. Why was Lucretia Mott the center of so much attention at the 1840 anti­ slavery convention in London? 12. Who organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention, and why? What did they accomplish there? 13. How did the 1848 convention differ from the 1837 women's antislavery convention? 14. Was the women's rights convention movement of the 1850s successful? Why or why not? 15. Why did the emerging woman suffrage movement split on the issue of race? What effect did the split have on these two issues? 205 Selected Bibliography PRIMARY SOURCES Barnes, Gilbert H., and Dwight L. Dumond, eds. Letters of Theodore Dwight ~ld, Angelina Grimke ~ld and Sarah Grimke, 1822-1844, 2 vols. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1934; reprinted Gloucester, Mass.: Smith, 1965. Ceplair, Larry. The Public Years ofSarah and Angelina GrimM· Selected Writ­ ings, 1835-1839. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989. DuBois, Ellen Carol, ed. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony: Corre­ spondence, Writings, Speeches. New York: Schocken, 1981. Foner, Philip S., ed. Frederick Douglass on Vl0mens Rights. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976. Foster, Frances Smith, ed. A Brighter Coming Day: A Frances Ellen Watkins Harper Reader. New York: Feminist Press, 1990. Gordon, Ann D., ed. The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Su­ san B. Anthony: Volume 1, In the School ofAnti-Slavery, 1840-1866. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1997. Greene, Dana, ed. Lucretia Mott: Her Complete Speeches and Sermons. New York: Mellen, 1980. Hallowell, Anna Davis, ed.]ames and Lucretia Mott: Life and Letters. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1884. McClymer, John F. This High and Holy Moment: The First National Womans Rights Convention, Vl0rcester, 1850. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1999. Meltzer, Milton, and Patricia G. Holland, eds. Lydia Maria Child: Selected Letters, 1817-1880. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982. Richardson, Marilyn, ed., Maria W Stewart, Americas First Black Vl0man Political Writer: Essays and Speeches. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987. Turning the Vl0rld Upside Down: The Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women, Held in New Thrk City, May 9-12, 1837. New York: Feminist Press, 1987. Wright, Daniel. ''What Was the Appeal of Moral Reform to Antebellum Northern Women?" in "Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1830-1930," a Web site at http:/ /womhist.binghamton.edu. 207 208 SELECfED BIBLIOGRAPHY WOMEN ABOLITIONISTS AND WOMEN'S RIGHTS Bacon, Margaret Hope. Valiant Friend: The Life ofLucretia Mott. New York: Walker, 1980. Barry, Kathleen. Susan B. Anthony: A Biography. New York: New York Uni­ versity Press, 1988. Birney, Catherine H. The Grimke Sisters: Sarah and Angelina Grimke: The First American U0men Advocates ofAbolition and Women's Rights. Phila­ delphia: Lee and Shepard, 1885. DuBois, Ellen Carol. Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Indepen­ dent Women's Movement in America, 1848-1869. Ithaca: Cornell Univer­ sity Press, 1978. Gordon, Ann D., with Bettye Collier-Thomas, John H. Bracey, Arlene Voski Avakian, and Joyce Avrech Berkman, ed., African American U0men and the J0te, 1837-1965. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1997. Griffith, Elisabeth. In Her Own Right: The Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984. Hansen, Debra Gold. Strained Sisterhood: Gender and Class in the Boston Fe­ male Anti-Slavery Society. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993. Hardesty, Nancy A Your Daughters Shall Prophesy: Revivalism and Feminism in the Age ofFinney. Brooklyn: Carlson, 1991. Hersh, Blanche Glassman. The Slavery of Sex: Feminist-Abolitionists in America. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978. Hewitt, Nancy A Women's Activism and Social Change: Rochester, New York, 1822-1872. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984. Isenberg, Nancy. Sex and Citizenship in Antebellum America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. Kraditor, Aileen S. Means and Ends in American Abolitionism: Garrison and His Critics on Strategy and Tactics, 1834-1850. New York: Random House, 1967. Jeffrey, Julie Roy. The Great Silent Army ofAbolitionism: Ordinary Women in the Antislavery Movement. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. Lerner, Gerda. The Grimke Sisters of North Carolina: Pioneers for Womens Rights and Abolitionism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967. --. The Feminist Thought of Sarah GrimM New York: Oxford Univer­ sity Press, 1998. --. 'The Grimke Sisters and the Struggle against Race Prejudice," jour­ nal ofNegro History 26 (October 1963): 277-91. Lumpkin, Katharine DePre. The Emancipation ofAngelina GrimM Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 197 4. Mabee, Carleton, with Susan Mabee Newhouse. Sojourner Truth: Slave, Prophet, Legend. New York: New York University Press, 1993. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 209 McFadden, Margaret H. Golden Cables of Sympathy: The Transatlantic Sources of Nineteenth-Century Feminism. Lexington: University of Ken­ tucky Press, 1999. McKivigan, John R., ed. The American Abolitionist Movement: A Collection of Scholarly Articles Illustrating Its History. l-01. 4: Abolitionism and Issues of Race and Gender. Hamden, Conn.: Garland, 1999. Melder, Keith E. Beginnings of Sisterhood: The American U0mans Rights Movement, 1800-1850. New York: Schocken, 1977. Painter, Nell Irvin. Sojourner Truth: A Life, A Symbol. New York: Norton, 1996. Peterson, Carla L. "Doers of the U0rd": African American U0men Speakers and Writers in the North (1830-1880). New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Ryan, Mary P. Women in Public: Between Banners and Ballots, 1825-1880. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990. Sklar, Kathryn Kish. Catharine Beecher: A Study in American Domesticity. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973. Stansell, Christine. "Woman in Nineteenth-Century America." Gender and History 11, no. 3 (November 1999): 419-32. Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. African-American U0men in the Struggle for the vote, 1850-1920. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. Yee, Shirley]. Black U0men Abolitionists: A Study in Activism, 1828-1860. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1992. Yellin, Jean Fagan. Women and Sisters: The Antislavery Feminists in Ameri­ can Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989. Yellin, Jean Fagan, and John C. Van Horne, eds. The Abolitionist Sisterhood: U0mens Political Culture in Antebellum America. Ithaca: Cornell Univer­ sity Press, 1994. RELIGION AND THE ANTISLAVERY MOVEMENT Abzug, Robert H. Passionate Liberator: Theodore Dwight Jlield and the Dilemma ofReform. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. ---. Cosmos Crumbling: American Reform and the Religious Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Goodman, Paul. Of One Blood: Abolitionism and the Origins ofRacial Equal­ ity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. Hatch, Nathan 0. The Democratization of American Christianity. New Ha­ ven: Yale University Press, 1989. McKivigan, John R. and Mitchell Snay, eds. Religion and the Antebellum De­ bate over Slavery. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998. Perry, Lewis. Radical Abolitionism: Anarchy and the Government of God in Antislavery Thought. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995. Index abolition of slavery. See also Garrisonian American Woman Suffrage Association, abolitionism 2, 76 by British Parliament, 12, 17, 51 Anthony, Susan B., 47, 61, 71, 75,201, 203 clergy and, 32 The Anti-Slavery Bugle, 4 7, 63, 179 gradual, 5n Anti-Slavery Convention of American Quakers and, 5n Women, 104-07 role of women in, 125n, 156 criticism of churches, 26 Address to the Free Colored People of the marriage and slaveholding, 26, 105 United States (S. Grimke), 24 petitions and, 26, 104-05 Afric-American Female Intelligence Society, women's rights and, 26-27 10,78-79 antislavery movement, British, 12, 50 African American women. See also Afric­ women and, 2, 51, 55, 125n, 156 American Female Intelligence antislavery movement, United States. See Society also American Anti-Slavery Society; and antislavery activism, 25-26, 95. See American and Foreign Anti-Slavery also Grace Douglass; Sarah Doug­ Society; Garrisonian abolitionism; lass; Margaretta Forten; Sarah women's antislavery activism Forten; Frances Ellen Watkins mob violence and, 9, 11, 12, 14, 19, 40, Harper; National Negro Convention; 115, 153-56 Maria Stewart; Sojourner Truth; Har­ opposition to by clergy, 121-22, 133 riet Tubman split in education of, 79, 80, 82, 103, 198 reviewed by Henry Clarke Wright, and property rights, 183-84, 197 157-59 and sexual rights of married women, 69 reviewed by Lydia Maria Child, 161-63 American