Reference: 2011/00364/RQ/01/01 17/03/2011 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR HUMANITARIAN AID AND CIVIL PROTECTION – ECHO SINGLE FORM FOR HUMANITARIAN AID ACTIONS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION FAO 1.2 Title of the Action Preparedness and risk reduction in response to extreme climate events and water supply problems in vulnerable communities of the Peruvian - Bolivian highlands. 1.3 Area of intervention (country, region, localities) World Area Countries Region America BOLIVIA La Paz & Oruro America PERU Puno 1.4 Start date of the Action Start date 18/04/2011 If the Action has already started explain the reason that justifies this situation (urgent Action or other reason) 1.5 Duration of the Action in months 18 months 0 days 1.6 Start date for eligibility of expenditure Is the start date for eligibility of expenditure equal to the date of submission of the initial proposal? No If yes, explain expenses charged to the budget between date of initial proposal submission and start date of the action If no, enter the start date for eligibility and explain 18/03/2011 Submission is 17 January 2011, start date of the Action is 18 March 2011; no expenses will be charged prior to the start date. 1.7 Requested funding modalities for this agreement In case of 100% financing, justify the request 1.8 Urgent action No 1.9 Control mechanism to be applied P 1.10 Proposal and reports Submission date of the initial proposal 17/03/2011 Purpose of this submission INITIAL PROPOSAL ECHO reference 2011/00364/RQ/01/01 Date of this submission 17/03/2011 2. NEEDS ASSESSMENT 2.1 Date(s) of assessment; methodology and sources of information used; organisation/person(s) responsible for the assessment page 1/43 Reference: 2011/00364/RQ/01/01 17/03/2011 January to December 2010: Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil (INDECI) Emergency reports of Puno Region. September 2010: Atlas de Heladas del Perú, Servicio Nacional de Metereología e Hidrología (SENAMHI) reference of the situation of cold wave in the Andean highlands. May 2010: monitoring of the cold-wave impact by Ministry of Agriculture, SENAMHI; La Paz. Feb 2010: Field assessments conducted by Agricultural Agencies and consolidated by the Agricultural Regional Department to verify damages and effects to the agricultural sector in Cusco and Puno. Feb 2009: monitoring report of field activities in areas of Puno, Cusco, Apurimac, Arequipa, including discussions with local authorities, beneficiaries and NGOs. Oct 2008: Evaluación de Seguridad Alimentaria en Emergencias (ESAE) with United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) and the Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria (PRONAA) with reference to the situation after the earthquake stricken areas and surrounding Andean lands. 7 August 2008/ongoing: FAO Bolivia begins field evaluations of the effects caused by the "cold wave" through direct interviews with llama breeders and Andean farmers living above 3 500 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) in the Andean highlands; Cochabamba, Potosí, La Paz and Chuquisaca. Methodology for the assessment: 1. Analysis of secondary information (rain and weather data; livestock data; crop data). 2. Field observations with farmers and herder associations in the most affected provinces, in the preliminary project intervention areas in both countries (Bolivia and Peru). 3. Focal group discussions. 4. Discussions with local, traditional, and municipal authorities Sources of information used: 1. SENAMHI; FAO; Ministry of Agriculture; Ministry of Civil Defence, Departmental and Municipal Governments; United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); World Food Programme (WFP), Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Bolivia. Med term report Project: OSRO/BOL/902/ITA for the Central Altiplano of Potosí, border with Oruro. 2. FAO y OXFAM; FAO -locally conducted interviews in areas affected by the cold wave. Ministry of Agriculture; INDECI - acciones heladas y friajes 2009. Informe de la Universidad Nacional San Cristobal de Huamanga sobre el estudio de investigación de alimento para alpacas. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (SENASA). Mapa de Vulnerabilidad a la Desnutrición Crónica Infantil (DCI) en Perú - Programa Alimentario Mundial. Programa Nacional de Asistencia Alimentaria (PRONAA) and FAO - 2009.eb 2009 Project Intermediary Report "Emergency support to vulnerable alpaca producers and subsistence farmers affected by the cold wave in the Andean highlands of Peru". TCP/RLA/3112 "Asistencia a los países andinos en la reducción de riesgos y desastres en el sector agropecuario". 3. Atlas de Heladas del Perú, reference to the situation of cold wave and the most affected areas in the country. SENAMHI (Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú) and FAO - 2010. 4. Peru Documento País 2010 - Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection. 5. Perú/Bolivia Documento País 2008/2010 - European Commission Humanitarian Aid in Perú/Bolivia. 6. FAO, in the context of both countries, presented preliminary studies on the effects of the cold wave on Andean crops and livestock, where vulnerability and poverty data were crossed with livestock population and official data of damages per province. 2.2 Problem statement and stakeholder analysis Progressively more and more, the Andean region, territorially shared by both Bolivia and Peru, is dramatically affected by extreme low temperatures, negatively associated with recurrent droughts. Resulting evidence is that disasters do not respect borders and can have trans-national dimensions, as it occurred with the "EL Niño" phenomena in the Andean subregion in 2009/2010. These disasters have important effects on production, infrastructure and population, generating negative impacts on the macro economy politics, the economic growing rates and the competitiveness of the countries. Natural grasslands were severely damaged by an early frost in January-February 2010, drought in February-March of the same year and severe episodes of frost and hailstorms from March to July. From May to August, the death rate of llama and sheep has been higher than in normal years (in the range of 20 to 35 percent), indicating a sharp increase of neonatal mortality and abortions in pregnant llama mothers (18 and 10 percent respectively). On a normal agricultural year in most of the high Andean countries, rain falls between October through March with frost occurring from June onwards. In 2010, drought started at the end of August, which pushed several potatoes farmers to delay their sowing until late October (instead of August/September). Approximately 80 percent of the losses are due to the effects of cold waves, frost and droughts. This has contributed to the increase in the price of cereals and tubers in different local markets, and the reduction of consumption of these basic products by households. The increases of prices reflect mainly a reduction in the supply of some products caused by the adverse climatic events of the last months in both countries since July 2010. The target areas were selected according government vulnerability indexes, recurrence of severe weather events, declaration of government emergencies, proximity FAO current areas of intervention, the misuse and availability of natural resources in both national contexts, such as the presence of salt-flats and sources of water, both from the Desaguadero River basin, the tributaries to Lake Titicaca and some rivers like the Mauri and others that are connected to the important river basin of Desaguadero (like part of the hydrological system Titicaca/Desaguadero/Poopo/Salar de Coipasa). This system includes a great part of southern Peru, the west of Bolivia and the north of Chile. They are areas that have a productive potential if aided in generating prevention strategies to reduce the recurrence of negative effects of climate change. In addition they constitute zones in which proper land use, influenced by similar of climate, type of topography and soil characteristics, allow for dual purpose i.e. livestock and agriculture. Selection of districts was further defined based on studies made by the SENAMHI; in the case of low temperatures the "Atlas of Frost in Peru" was used as a reference. This Atlas page 2/43 Reference: 2011/00364/RQ/01/01 17/03/2011 clearly indicates the areas of the region of Puno near Lake Titicaca where frost occurs in spring and autumn. In addition the analysis of the weather information indicates that the annual frequency of frost is 100 percent for each year, the persistent occurrence of this phenomenon testifies to the continued threat and danger to the livelihoods on the inhabitants. On the other hand, in the "Study of droughts in the Department of Puno" by the SENAMHI, concludes that the Department of Puno is prone to the occurrence of droughts, being the most likely, moderate droughts. But the intensity of droughts against the conditions of subsistence producers tends to cause serious damage to the production and places food security at risk 2.3 Summarise findings of the assessment (include full report in annex, if relevant) and link these to the Action The ability of highland communities to cope and response to disasters is weak. In the majority of the municipalities in the Andean region, there is a lack of competence to manage their own local budget, particularly under emergency circumstances. Andean communities do not have access to local weather reports, or to information centers in direct communication with the regional offices of SENAHMI, which hinders their capacity to take preventive action towards climate related emergencies. Additionally, infrastructure to receive accurate and updated weather information it is almost inexistent. Natural grasslands have been severely damaged by a drought in February-March of 2010, and by an early frost in January and severe episodes of frost and hailstorms from March to July. It is estimated that more than 80 percent of the grasslands have been affected this year. The early frost in January also hampered the development of forages (oats, barley, alfalfa) planted at lower altitudes for hay making.