LESSON The Riseand Fa}l of Dy*asties Thinking on Your Own *[:f:,^3:"T:ffi:ffi1"- createavenn diasram tohelp t: ffiiffi ff"'--:;;eQmanoitan:I.'::'::^liffTl-"i'11circle overrap"sim*arities." Label the lert ilil'ffll?ri," "..;", you-- studv^+,.ltr rhe+1^a lesson,laq.qon H:,';.;iln*nn circle,,Han.,,As comPletethe diagram' ffh" Zhou had seizedPower bv I a hrge Part of China "f chiefs Shihuangdi 1045s.c. Flowever' Iocal WhY was Qin hated? known as warlords ruled were the long-term the emPire' BY What stateswithin ;ii;;i" of the Han DYnastY? the 400sB'c', thesewarlords the had seriouslYweakened The power of the Zhotrulers' it"rlo.d. fought one another As for power andterritory' and more time went on, more these wars broke out among local chiefs' as the to the 200s e'c' is known period' from the 400s The Confucius tried That is the reason that Warring States P"tiod' wanted to bring accept his ideas' He to get the warlori=; battle to the emPire' lA I p"I"" and stabiliqr lbetween I lChinese I lwarlords 1 Qin DYnastY in his effort to C,onfucius was unsuccessfirl warlords' The Qin change the ideas of the with their iron swords' were more successful of the n"U in ,rrB.c', thePeoPIe 9: Y" The Qin ruler' won control of mostof China' qt tltttttangdi (curN SHUR'trwoNc'DEE)' first emperor' d-""br"d himself Chinat ChaPter5 o u For the first time, China t"r"_I had a single centralized goverrunent. Before Qin ,rrr/ Shihuangdi, local lords ruled a.q-a.p their own states.The new emperor removed the local lords. He divided China into provinces and counties. Bureaucrats were appointed to overseethe new regions. A bureaucrat is a government official who enforces the rules of the government. Under the Zhou DynasSr, government positions had been passed down from father to son. O_in Shihuangdi ended this practice. He also set up the censorate. The members of this department were known as censors. Their job was to check up on the bureaucrats. Qin Shihuangdi establishedan army to keep order and to protect China. A system of roads was built to make it easier to move troops quickly from c.40O-22Ie.c. place to place. One area that needed protection was Warring StatesPeriod the northern frontier. The Xiongnu (SveN.Noo) 221-206e.c. were threatening the region. They were nomadic Qin Dynasty herders who raised sheep, cattle, and goats. They 202s.c.-e.a.220 were also fierce fighters. To keep them out of China, HanDynasty Qin Shihuangdi had the Great Wall built across the northern resion. The Great wall was one of the reasonsthat the peasantsturned against the Qin Dynasty. The wall was built with the forced labor of peasants. It was also an expensive project. Qin Shihuangdi placed heary taxes on his subjects to pay for the wall and for his armies. Han Dynasty The leader of the peasant revolt against the Qin was Liu Bang (r,vou.noNc). He was a peasant himself. His victory over the Qin gave him great power. He took the name Han Gaozu the first Han emperor' (HaHN Gow'DZoo) and declared himself For more than 500 The Han I)lmas{y lasted for 400 years' under the Han' years, China was peaceful and ptotp"tots structure Chinese Han Gaozukept the government i China ryI that Qin Shihuangdihad setup' tr remained divided into provinces and { **" a list of the the counties. Han Gaozu also adopted Qin's f; tfrinOsthat Qin Over tim;' sninu*ngol1": useof appointedbureaucrats' fhe { H"n d".r"lopeda civil serviceexam to find 1 :iott::,T:ti:i::become FIan rulers tretnedChina the best qrr"lifi"d civil servants' { . strong(S) or harmed to train candidates1' r , - - forr^- { setup . ."hool *:ffi;;;';rL' vvrrlv ' -r-, , 1 ilr worK. Ther rre studentssLuus'Lo learnedrver - i --" government r 3 next" to each item on and law' 1 l-tft"i.rrism and Chinesehistory i Yow list' Shareand your with a harsh laws and oO1*t list Han Gaozu replaced the I a /-\' i ^artner. ofn,r the first emperor' 9rn '*=:- 'Shihrr".rrdipunishments ^ - . - -**-"- had forbidden the teaching of Confucianism' The Five Confucianism. Han Gaozu adopted peace and order in Chinese Constant Relationships supported position of the emperor' sociefr. They also strengthened the of China tripled' During the Han Dynas$r' the population 60 million' The empire also It went from 20 million p"opl" to extended the empire north' grew in land area' Han armies south, and west' Qin Shihuangdi name w1s ZhaS Beforehe becameeniperor, Qin Shihuangdi's He declared himself Zheng. ShihuangdimeansFirst Emperor' is how the name the First Emperorof the Qin' or Chin' This "CNna"began. just of Qin Caliinghimself ernperoris one example that his dynasty Sf"flt""gOi's boasting'He atso claimed lastfort0,o00generations_about250'000years. He based his Qin Shihuangdiwa ts a ruthless emperor' punishment..T" He goirerneowithharsh laws and severe . on Lesalism. rr11nuifoino ;ffiil;;;i;- topay hish taxes and to work on f::fTtj a hepunished n ;;#ffi;;;";*n'*" h"L' ora tiserand y:]i wouldnever get aroundto them as thoughutuuvrr helrE werevvvr\: afraid he i\-ii::,T: next empen death,the peasantsrebelled againstthe Qin only l L years' was supposedto last 250,000years lasted o a o By A.D. 770,Han control over China was slipping. There were peasant revolts over living conditions. Rival military leaders fought for power. In220, a rebel general seizedpower. However, his rule did not last. For the next 400 years, China was the scene of civil wars and invasions by nomadic people from the north. The Silk Road and Sea Routes Beginning around 200 s.c., China becamepart of the international trade network. Chinese merchants traded along land routes and searoutes. Their ships sailedthroughout Southeast Asia and into the lndian Ocean. The land route became known as the Silk Road. This was becauseChina's most important trade good on this route was silk. The Silk Road stretched $ ' 4,000 miles from Aussta eastern China to tne Ur, :' Roman Empire. j ii,,; ;',lr"-"" Besides silk, {-, Chinese merchants ' i:3 traded spices, tea, Hangzshoui and porcelain.-a type of fine pottery. I Ivory, cotton cloth, South:i Arabian Chinaff pepper, and gems ,. Sea '. Sea ]o ts:_1 flowed east and west tr if from lndian Oc Eo merchants. Roman INDIAN merchants sent OCEAN woolen and linen ruld cloth, glass, and gems to the east. ile Putting It All Together .He yr;rli nen ll.er"r.lowll:rl Vnnn il:agi-*.rt'1r*iiliii*ij ill n* ]'i:i:il thiit lsssnn. irvlri+ i-'{v*sr t}'Lle* Fa;:;*firal-:i:sr* pxpiaill iiilti\,,tlr.* Q:tt ar'd }{nn at h\ruiii:it+s w*r* {i^is $i,iiiLoi}n{i. i:*lAi tlt€it 1'vr:,;3iiiff*relli,. Early Chinese Clvllizations [67 € ..urro*1- o a rd (D PP New Dyoasries "--'-il in Chin-a Thinking on your Own As you readthis lesson,create a timelinein your notebook.Include datesand facts for the five dynastiesdiscussed in this lesson. n.o. 58l, the Sui Jn IDynasgr brought order to China. With the collapse of Explainwhy the Tangand the Han Dynasfr in 220, the SongDynasties are called Chinese people had endured GoldenAges. yuan more than 500 years of civil How was the Dynasty similar to earlier war. The Sui rulers reunified dynasties? the Empire. Among their Summarizehow yong Le lasting contributions was the attemptedto restore Chinasgreatness. building of the Grand Canal, which made it easier to ship rice from the south of China to the north. The 581-618 Tang and Sui (swnv)Dynasty Song Dynasties The 618-907 Tang and Song Qrnasties Tang(rnrwc) Dynasty ruled during what are called 960-1279 Golden Ages in Chinese Song (somrrc)Dynasty history. China was prosperous 1279-t368 during these periods and Yuan(voo.nnn) Dynasty extended its influence into 1368-1644 new lands. These periods Ming (mwc)Dynasty were also times of great cultural achievements. The leaders of the T"tg Dynasty expanded the area of chinese rule and influence in Asia. The T.rg Empire extended from the pacific ocean ro The Spread of Culturesin Asia the Tibetan people' Through Tibet. Tang armies conquered spread east into Korea' Japan' trade, China's i"fl""tt"Jlater and Southeast Asia' in st emperors tried to end corruption the 6r""d Tang and Song civil servi:"^:I"t"* t" They t"Jot"d the ancient ,o.r".n"rn.nt' service seekers had to pass a civil fill government pott"' Office teachings' That kept powerful exam based on Confucian their relatives to offices' officials from appointing brought prospentJz The Tang and Song DJrnasties power of the wealthy to China. TL"y [mitel the I give to the taking land from them to The Tang and Song landowners, trade with other Dynastieswere peasants. The growing for 1GoldenAges. nations also created business As a result' 1 What do You think merchants and craftspeople' means? cities grew this Phrase the population of China's a definition for i Write rapidly. GoldenAge. Share I were your definition with The Tang and Song DYnasties Among a partner.Combine periods of cultural advances' write invention your ideas and ih" mo.t important was the definitionfor woodblock one of printing. It b"gt" with the Phrase. China' in printing on PaPer in Tang *s f *u* ertl Cflina Sea Chinese arusts us PACIFIC painted scenes of, OCEAN if peopte were in: they were usuallY, What was rmPo: q-o- the grandeur of .South Howe-ver, PeoPle, ahina Sea carnels, qnd o! Bay of.