SPACE PATTERNS AND PAINTINGS (published in the "Engineer" magazine No. 8-9, 2012) Sagredo. - If the end of the pen, which was on the ship during my entire voyage from Venice to Alexandretta, were able to leave a visible trace of its entire path, then what kind of trace, what mark, what line would it leave? Simplicio. - I would leave a line stretching from Venice to the final place, not completely straight, or rather, extended in the form of an arc of a circle, but more or less wavy, depending on how much the ship swayed along the way ... Sagredo. - If, therefore, the artist, upon leaving the harbor, began to draw with this pen on a sheet of paper and continued drawing until Alexandretta, he could get from his movement a whole picture of figures ... at least a trace left ... by the end of the pen would be nothing more than a very long and simple line. G. Galileo "Dialogue on the two main systems of the world" Space has been giving astronomers surprise after surprise lately. A number of mysterious space objects were discovered that were not predicted by astrophysics and contradicted it. The more advanced observation methods become, the more such surprises. At one time, I. Shklovsky argued that the discovery of such "cosmic wonders" would confirm the reality of extraterrestrial intelligence, its enormous technical capabilities. But in reality, the "cosmic miracles" showed the backwardness of terrestrial science, which the opium of relativism smiled so much that now it cannot clearly explain ordinary cosmic phenomena caused by natural causes. Relativists see green men, black holes, white dwarfs, red giants and other crazy mystical visions everywhere. For the first time, science has encountered such mysteries in the case of pulsars - objects that emit frequent radio signals. At first, they were mistaken for signals from extraterrestrial civilizations, designating the pulsars as "LGM" (Little Green Men), because they did not know the mechanisms of generation of powerful pulses of radio emission by stars, coming with a period of fractions of seconds. Later they were invented, but they turned out to be no better than green men: pulsars were considered supernatural neutron stars with a density trillions of times higher than the density of water, with a huge magnetic field and an insane rotation frequency. But if Galileo's mechanics is correct, and light follows Galileo's principle of relativity, adopted by the Ritz Ballistic Theory (BTR), then the properties of pulsars can be explained without any mysticism [1]. For example, radio emission from pulsars is the light of stars converted by the Ritz effect [2]. A star, flying at an accelerated orbit, each moment imparts a different speed to the light, which is why the crests of light waves running in a row gradually 1 diverge, like runners at a distance (stretching intervals, light waves and converting light into radio waves, like radio pulsars), or converging (shortening the lengths of light waves and converting light into X-rays, as in X-ray pulsars). The increase in the speed of the pulsar to the speed of light c was also confirmed by the pulsar PSR B1937 + 21, whose radio beams reach the Earth at a speed greater than c. Also, the Ritz effect changes the apparent brightness, frequency and duration of the processes, which is why pulsar flares caused by the rotation of star B near star A with an orbital period P (hours or days) appear from a distance L thousands of times more often (Fig. 1). This is possible when a binary pulsar star flies around a third star C, which gives 2 the system a radial acceleration ar close to the critical a0=-c /L. Then the apparent 2 period of revolution and flares of the pulsar P'=P(1+arL/c ) will be compressed by the Ritz effect by a factor of thousands. This resembles the effect discovered by Roemer: the Galilean satellites, circling around Jupiter with a period of the order of a day, change the apparent period of revolution from their motion around the Sun [3]. But if here the Doppler effect reduces the apparent period P'=P(1+Vr/c) by minutes, then the Ritz effect compresses periods by a factor of thousands, millions of times - from a day to a fraction of a second. So, the visible periods of pulsars are not the true periods of their rotation, but imaginary ones, like the periods of the satellites of Jupiter. Fig. 1. Change in the visible period of circulation and the flares of stars and also blur them along orbits caused by the inequality of the speeds of light. 2 The visible period of Jupiter's satellites varies smoothly throughout the year from a change in the radial velocity Vr of Jupiter. Pulsars also have a smooth change in period. For radio pulsars, the period increases, for X-ray pulsars, it decreases [4], which is apparently also caused by a change in the radial acceleration ar during orbital motion and a corresponding change in the compression ratio of the period according to the Ritz effect [1]. Dwarf Cepheids and RR Lyrae (lyrids) stars have a similar smooth change in blinking periods [5]. Considering that the periods of blinking of these stars are hours and days, it is quite possible that the real periods of their revolution, causing blinking, are much larger and in fact do not change, but seem to be variable according to the Ritz effect. However, variations in the periods of pulsars, Cepheids and lyrids can also be caused by real changes in orbital periods, which is common among binary stars [6]. Changing the speed of light and the apparent period creates other interesting effects. Since the light of a star flying in a circular orbit receives a different speed, then the rays emitted at different times can arrive at us simultaneously. Then a series of images of the star are visible at different points in its orbit. De Sitter and P. Bergman considered in the 1920s that the absence of such bifurcations of the stars proves the fallacy of Ritz's theory. However, V.I. Sekerin showed that the double vision effect could not be noticed before from the weakness of telescopes [3]. A binary image of a star flying in an orbit of diameter D with a speed of V and a period of P will appear if the light sent at a speed of c+V at the moment of the approach of the star catches up on the way L to Earth the light sent by a star at a speed of c–V half a period earlier (fig. 2). That is, if L/(c–V)–L/(c+V)≈2LV/c2>P/2. The stronger this excess, the higher the number of unnecessary images N≈[4LV/c2P]. Since P=πD/V, the doubling condition is 4V2/πc2>D/L. Usually V<200 km/s, and the maximum angle α at which a forked star can be observed will be D/L<4V2/πc2=5.7·10–7 rad=0.1'' - a fraction of an arc second, which is lower the resolution of the old telescopes is ~1''. That is, the double images simply could not be distinguished. But the technology went ahead: the resolving power of the Hubble orbiting telescope reached 0.1", and for radio telescopes and interferometer telescopes - even 0.001"- 0.0001". As soon as these devices appeared, Ritz's theory began to receive one confirmation after another [7]. First, they discovered unnecessary images of quasars, galaxies, then stars. It is easier for galaxies to see redundant images. After all, galaxies are brighter and farther, fly in clusters with high velocities V, up to 1000 km/s, and their light is not re-emitted by interstellar gas, which reduces the effective distance L, where the difference in ray paths accumulates [1]. 3 Fig. 2. The emergence of rings from Woven and multiplied along the orbits of images of stars in the SN 1987A system, on the right - its photographs reflecting the evolution of the ring. So, the prediction of multiple images by Ritz's theory has been brilliantly confirmed. And attempts to interpret the extra images through gravitational lenses in hindsight have failed, because the number, image structure and measurements of the masses of galaxies contradict the predictions of the theory of relativity. Indeed, according to the theory of relativity, a gravitational lens creates no more than two images, and they are observed by three or four or more. But according to Ritz, the number of unnecessary images N≈[4LV/c2P] is not limited. According to the theory of relativity, the images are mirror-symmetrical about the lens-source axis, but in fact they are located arbitrarily. And in Ritz's theory, images can be anywhere, at any point in the elliptical orbit along which the galaxy is flying. According to the theory of relativity, the mass of the lens galaxies is enormous, although the measured masses are small. And according to Ritz, the mass of galaxies is not important, since the images are not formed by the gravitational field. Astrophysicists tried to save the day by introducing ever new hypotheses about the distribution of masses in galaxies, about the invisible dark mass, etc., having managed to explain the quadruple images (Einstein's cross). But when they began to observe five or more images, the case stalled, and all these attempts began to look strained and unconvincing, especially against the background of a simple explanation according to Ritz's theory. 4 The most striking evidence of Ritz's theory was highlighted by new stars and supernovae.