HISTORY OF BICYCLING Historia de la bicicleta Dejiny cyklistiky 1791 CELERIPEDE (Velocipede) by Comte de Sivrac (Paris, France) • Children toy in the form of a wooden horse • Propelled by feet, steering by leaning 1817 DRAISIENNE (HOBBY HORSE) by baron Karl Drais von Sauerbronn (Germany) • To get around the royal gardens faster • Invented steering • two same-size in-line wheels, propelled by pushing your feet against the ground • Made entirely of wood and iron 1839 Kirkpatrick MacMillan (Scottish blacksmith) • First bicycle with pedals (lever-driven) • Weight 25 kg • 225.8 km trip to Glasgow (average speed 8 mph) 1860’ Tricycle for ladies • Women did not feel safe and comfortable on 2 wheel bicycle • Tricycle did not tip, more elegant ride • Less provocative, more decent 1861 Pierre Michaux (Parisian manufacturer of horse carriages, France) • Invented cranks and fitted it on the front wheel • world's first mass- produced riding machine • Known as the velocipede (“fast foot”) or Boneshaker on cobblestone roads (made out of wood and metal) 1870s High wheel bicycles Why big wheel? List design disadvantages! • Made out of steel • Solid rubber tires • Great popularity • Cost average six months pay Why big wheel? Disadvantages. • The larger the wheel – • Rider sat high above the farther you could the center of gravity, travel with one machine easily rotated rotation of pedals – forward on its front traveled faster axle • Bigger diameter wheel – more comfortable – less bumpy when going over holes 1885 ROVER SAFETY BICYCLE by John Kamp Starley (England) • Prototype of the modern day bicycle • improvement of metallurgy sparked the next innovation – chain and sprockets – gear ratios • Hard rubber tires More improvements • 1888 Pneumatic tires (John Boyd Dunlop) In 1896 Susan B. • 1895 Derailleur Anthony said • 1896 bike cost – that "the bicycle average worker 3 has done more for the emancipation months pay of women than • 1909 less than 1 anything else in month pay the world." 1970’ Mountain Bicycling Marin County California • Group of riders bike off road in mountains (cyclocross) • Need for more durable bikes • Balloon tires, drum brakes, motorcycle components imported • Late 70’ national coverage – mail order business • Components manufactures offer specialty mountain bike parts - reduced weight by 3kg (6 pounds) • By 1985 sales of MB surpass road bikes 1990’ frame design changes Due to new materials • carbon fiber • Titanium • Aluminum • Disk wheels • Greg Lemond aero bars .