Thermoeconomic analysis of EGS/Deep Geothermal Resources in the region of Alsace, France Emmanuel Cabral Thesis of 60 ECTS credits Master of Science (MSc) in Sustainable Energy Engineering June 2018 ii Thermoeconomic analysis of EGS/Deep Geothermal Resources in the region of Alsace, France Thesis of 60 ECTS credits submitted to the School of Science and Engineering at Reykjavík University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Sustainable Energy Engineering June 2018 Supervisors: Páll Valdimarsson, Supervisor Adjunct Professor, Reykjavík University, Iceland William S. Harvey, Advisor Visiting Professor, Reykjavík University, Iceland Examiner: Heimir Hjartarson, Examiner Geothermal Energy & District Heating Engineer, Efla Consulting Engineers, Iceland iv Copyright Emmanuel Cabral June 2018 vi Thermoeconomic analysis of EGS/Deep Geothermal Resources in the region of Alsace, France Emmanuel Cabral June 2018 Abstract Three geothermal projects in the region of Alsace are currently being developed and executed by the companies Fonroche Géothermie and L’Electricié de Strasbourg (ES). With the aim of exploiting the thermal energy stored at 5000 m below the surface of the earth, these projects foresee the implementation of one binary power plant, and two cogenerating units that will be integrated to the local grid, and benefit from European and national incentives for sustainable energy production. This research focuses on the utilization of the geothermal energy available in Vendenheim, Eckbolsheim, and Illkirch. Special emphasis is made on the first and largest project in the city of Vendenheim, where an industrial ecosystem is also defined, next to the proposed geothermal binary power plant. The research is structured in three main sections, two of which (Thermodynamics and Economics) constitute the main pillars of the thesis. The first chapter provides preliminary information, current operations, and data leading to the proposed cascading applications fit for the region such as beet sugar production, beer production, hop drying, microalgae production and drying, wine distillation, and two power production scenarios. The second chapter focuses on the thermodynamic analysis of a binary power plant and a Combined Heat and Power Plant in Vendenheim, analyzing the second law efficiency and exergy flow through the system, and providing insight on the proposed direct applications. Comparing the real efficiencies of a Combined Heat and Power system shows that the efficiencies decrease considerably when introducing a cascading scenario, 44,43% for a full power only subcritical binary plant and 24,43% for a Combined Heat and Power system. The full power production proposal is thus selected for a thermoeconomic analysis to review the feasibility of using the geothermal resource for power production only. In the third chapter, the thermoeconomic analysis is computed for the full power production scenario, analyzing balancing costs and exergoeconomic factors of the components resulting from the exergy flow through the system. The proposed subcritical power plant in Vendenheim produces 7,5 MW of work at the turbine, showing the project to be feasible at the current electricity selling rates in Alsace (200 – 246 €/MWh for projects under 12 MWe of capacity). The research presents cost flow analyses associated with irreversibilities, providing insight on potential improvements of the system. Irreversibilities within power plant could be reduced and optimized, making alternative or advanced binary plants additionally feasible than the proposed subcritical system. viii Thermoeconomic analysis of EGS/Deep Geothermal Resources in the region of Alsace, France. Emmanuel Cabral Thesis of 60 ECTS credits submitted to the School of Science and Engineering at Reykjavík University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Sustainable Energy Engineering June 2018 Student: Emmanuel Cabral Supervisors: Páll Valdimarsson Examiner: Heimir Hjartarson x The undersigned hereby grants permission to the Reykjavík University Library to reproduce single copies of this Thesis entitled Thermoeconomic analysis of EGS/Deep Geothermal Resources in the region of Alsace, France and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the Thesis, and except as herein before provided, neither the Thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author’s prior written permission. date Emmanuel Cabral Master of Science xii This work is dedicated to my parents. For showing me the beauty of science. xiv Acknowledgements “When I gave lectures on thermodynamics to an undergraduate chemistry audience I often began by saying that no other scientific law has contributed more to the liberation of the human spirit than the second law of thermodynamics”. – Dr. Peter Atkins (Atkins, 2007). I would like to start by offering my most sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Páll Valdimarsson, who from the very first interaction we had expressed a remarkable trust on the thesis and on me and had a better idea of what the research was going to look like than I did. Similarly, I offer my deepest gratitude to my advisor Dr. William Scott Harvey, for being a guiding voice throughout the research, for putting his time and interest into this project, and giving both his friendly and a professional insight on all aspects of the thesis. To both of you, thanks for all the laughs, criticism, and advises, they will forever guide me in my professional life. Special thanks to L‘Eurométropole de Strasbourg for providing all the necessary resources, connections, and facilities during the research period in France. My deepest acknowledgements as well to all the professionals (especially all of you in the department of Direction de Mission Energie) that played a significant role throughout different meetings to assess the different industrial proposals, applications, and energy demand scenarios. The research was conducted as part of a collaboration between the MSc. Sustainable Energy Engineering programme of the Iceland School of Energy in Reykjavik University, and the Energy and Climatic Engineering programme of National Institute of Applied Sciences of Strasbourg (INSA-Strasbourg). Acknowledgements to Fonroche Géothermie and Electricité de Strasbourg for the roles they played in the development of all current geothermal projects in Alsace, and special thanks for attending some of the presentations done during the research period in France, as well as all their insights and recommendations throughout the research. This work was partially founded by the Eurométropole de Strasbourg, and Háskólinn í Reykjavík through the Erasmus+ exchange programme. xvi Preface This following research is original work by the author, Emmanuel Cabral. The research was conducted as part of a master’s thesis, required for the internship conducted at the Départament de Mission Energie of the Eurométropole de Strasbourg, and an exchange between the MSc. Sustainable Energy Engineering programme in Reykjavík University, and the Génie Climatique et Energétique programme of INSA-Strasbourg. The research was conducted during a seven-month period in Strasbourg, Alsace, and most of the assumptions and information found throughout the research was gathered during the period of internship. The concluding remarks in the research were conducted while in Reykjavík, after the internship period had ended, and the data and document were successfully revised and verified. The last part of the research focuses on a thermoeconomic (exergoeconomic) analysis of the selected utilization scenario for the Vendenheim geothermal resource. A special notice must be made at this point for all calculations are based on the assumptions made throughout the research, as well as data used from literature review which is respectively mentioned in this research. Although the proyect uses data from the real proyects currently being conducted in Vendenheim, it is by no means a numerical modelling of the geothermal binary plant that will be built in the mentioned location. The mathematical model and numerical model were built to help address the utilization of the geothermal resource and may serve as a reference for future research in the implementation of a similar, or a more advanced binary system and/or cascading applications. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the author, Reykjavík University, or L‘Eurométropole de Strasbourg. xviii xix Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... xv Preface .............................................................................................................................. xvii Contents ............................................................................................................................ xix List of Figures .................................................................................................................. xxii List of Tables .................................................................................................................