GLOBAL MASCULINITIESITIES ENGAGING MEN AND BOYS IN VIOLENCE PREVENTION MICHAEL FLOOD Global Masculinities Series Editors Michael Kimmel Department of Sociology Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA Judith Kegan Gardiner University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA The dramatic success of Gender Studies has rested on three develop- ments: (1) making women’s lives visible, which has also come to mean making all genders more visible; (2) insisting on intersectionality and so complicating the category of gender; (3) analyzing the tensions among global and local iterations of gender. Through textual analyses and humanities-based studies of cultural representations, as well as cul- tural studies of attitudes and behaviors, we have come to see the cen- trality of gender in the structure of modern life. This series embraces these advances in scholarship, and applies them to men’s lives: gender- ing men’s lives, exploring the rich diversity of men’s lives—globally and locally, textually and practically—as well as the differences among men by class, race, sexuality, and age. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15013 Michael Flood Engaging Men and Boys in Violence Prevention Michael Flood Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia Global Masculinities ISBN 978-1-137-44210-9 ISBN 978-1-137-44208-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-44208-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018951028 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affliations. Cover image: © Simone Padovani/Awakening/Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature America, Inc. The registered company address is: 1 New York Plaza, New York, NY 10004, U.S.A. PRAISE FOR ENGAGING MEN AND BOYS IN VIOLENCE PReveNTION “Michael Flood has long been the world’s most important and prolifc researcher in the area of engaging men on a range of topics related to men’s violence against women. You can see why when you look through the treasure trove that is Engaging Men and Boys in Violence Prevention, a remarkable synthesis of user-friendly research, analysis and concrete suggestions for action. This book belongs on the shelves and in the hands of educators, activists, policy-makers and anyone else who wants to gain insight into the crucial question of how to mobilize men as active allies to women in the era of #MeToo.” —Jackson Katz, Ph.D., co-founder of Mentors in Violence Prevention and author of The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt Women and How All Men Can Help “Michael Flood is a leader in critical thinking about men and masculin- ities and engaging men to end men’s violence against women. So it is no surprise, but a great pleasure, to see the incredible scope of analysis, information, and examples in his new book. This will stand as an essen- tial text in our feld for years to come.” —Michael Kaufman, co-founder of the White Ribbon Campaign and author of The Time Has Come: Why Men Must Join the Gender Equality Revolution v vi PRAISE FOR ENGAGING MEN AND BOYS IN VIOLENCE PREVENTION “Deftly blending his deep well of experience as a leading feminist scholar/activist with boys and men with the growing body of research on violence prevention efforts around the world, Michael Flood has cre- ated a work that is at once analytically sound and practical, comprehen- sive and focused, critical and hopeful. Engaging Men and Boys in Violence Prevention is timely, important, and a must-read.” —Michael A. Messner, author of Guys Like Me: Five Wars, Five Veterans for Peace “By focusing on detailed accounts of reaching, engaging, and mobilizing different groups of men to prevent and reduce violence against women, Flood has made a lasting impact on the feld. The text is comprehen- sive, honest, incisive and utterly necessary in order to ensure that much needed social change occurs both domestically and globally.” —Shari Dworkin, Dean of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, USA “The MeToo moment and years of feminist advocacy have fnally made ending violence against women the global priority it must be. But we still have a huge way to go to engage men and boys in effective ways. Flood provides the big picture we have long lacked: what works, why it works, how to scale it up, and how to get violence prevention right, by women who deserve lives free of violence, and by men who need to be allies in the cause as well as those who already are.” —Gary Barker, President and CEO of Promundo CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1 Part I The Problem and Its Prevention 2 The Problem: Men’s Violence Against Women 11 3 Prevention 39 4 Why Engage Men and Boys in Prevention? 87 Part II Strategies and Settings 5 Reaching and Engaging Men 115 6 Educating Men Face-to-Face 183 7 Educating Men Through Media 227 8 Mobilising Men 253 9 Changing Men’s Organisations 283 vii viii CONTENTS Part III Challenges 10 Dealing with Resistance 319 11 Working with Diverse Populations 347 12 Conclusion 377 References 393 Index 435 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 The spectrum of prevention 57 Table 8.1 Stages of individual change and phases of community mobilisation 277 Table 10.1 Aware Joe, Internalised Joe, and Activist Joe 336 ix CHAPTER 1 Introduction Men have a vital role to play in ending men’s violence against women. The feld of efforts to engage men and boys in violence prevention is growing rapidly, across policy and programming, scholarship, and advo- cacy and activism. This is embodied in the growth of national and global interventions and campaigns, initiatives by international agencies, and scholarly assessments of their impact and signifcance. Across the globe, a wide variety of violence prevention initiatives in schools and elsewhere now address boys and young men, sporting codes have adopted meas- ures to involve male players in building respectful cultures, and institu- tions such as the military are moving towards similar initiatives. This book provides a comprehensive guide to engaging men and boys in the prevention of violence against women and girls and other forms of violence and abuse. It provides an informed and accessible framework for understanding, supporting, and critically assessing men’s roles in violence prevention. There are three elements to the book’s background. First, violence against women (including physical and sexual assaults and other behav- iours which result in physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffer- ing to women) has been identifed as a widespread social problem. Second, there is an increasing emphasis on the primary prevention of violence against women in government and community efforts—on not just responding to victims and perpetrators, but also in preventing this violence from occurring in the frst place. Third, a signifcant trend in violence prevention is the growing focus on engaging men and boys in © The Author(s) 2019 1 M. Flood, Engaging Men and Boys in Violence Prevention, Global Masculinities, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-44208-6_1 2 M. FLOOD prevention. Around the world there are growing efforts to involve boys and men in various capacities: as participants in education programs, as targets of social marketing campaigns, as policy-makers and gate- keepers, and as activists and advocates. There is a groundswell of com- munity-based prevention activity directed at men and boys. There is signifcant policy support for male involvement in violence prevention, evident in recent plans of action by national governments and affrmed by international agencies. In short, violence prevention efforts aimed at men and boys are on the public agenda, are being adopted and funded increasingly widely, and have a powerful rationale. The book Engaging Men and Boys in Violence Prevention provides a critical assessment of efforts to engage men and boys in violence preven- tion. It offers a distinctive and timely discussion of an area of work and scholarship which is receiving growing national and international atten- tion. The book highlights innovative, creative, and compelling examples of work engaging men and boys, both among particular groups (such as sports players, faith leaders, corporate men, blue collar men, young men in schools, and men in uniform) and in particular settings (such as work- places and social movements). This book provides robust, practical guidance regarding effective strategies to reduce and prevent violence against women. The book is oriented towards the production of practical guidance for educators, advocates, and policy-makers: a conceptual framework for understand- ing and supporting men’s and boys’ roles in violence prevention, robust assessment of particular interventions, and guidance regarding the effec- tive use of key strategies.